Research progress in negative electrode materials for 16340 battery

The research group of Lu Anhui, a professor at Dalian University of Technology, recently innovatively proposed to use a solvent-free method to use nano binary metal oxides (ZnSnO3) as precursors to in-situ grow metal organic frameworks Zif-8 to prepare Sn@C composite materials. According to the theory of hard and soft acid-base, 2-methylimidazole as a junction base preferentially combines with the junction acid Zn2+ to form Zif-8. The subsequent pyrolysis process transforms Zif-8 into a nitrogen-containing conductive carbon network, and ZnSnO3 carbon is thermally reduced to nano tin particles and elemental zinc. Due to its low melting point, elemental zinc dynamically evaporates at high temperatures to create abundant pores, which is conducive to the transmission of ions and electrons.

The preparation of lithium-ion battery electrode materials with both high energy density and high power density has been a research hotspot in recent years. Tin-based materials are considered to be very promising materials that can replace traditional graphite negative electrodes due to their high specific capacity. However, severe volume expansion during charging and discharging leads to electrode pulverization and particle agglomeration, resulting in rapid capacity decay and low conductivity. Developing effective electrode material preparation methods and improving the conductivity of composite electrode materials are the key to improving the electrochemical performance of tin negative electrodes.

The new synthesis method ensures the high dispersion of tin nanoparticles in the composite material. The developed pore structure and high nitrogen content can effectively alleviate the volume expansion during the lithium insertion process and improve the conductivity. The battery performance test results show that the prepared Sn@C composite material has a first discharge capacity of 1321mahg-1 and a first coulombic efficiency of up to 80.1%. After 150 cycles, the capacity remains at 901mahg-1. In addition, this synthesis method can be extended to the preparation of other materials, which also show excellent electrochemical performance.

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