Analysis of technical means and current status of CR2032 button cell recycling

Environmentally friendly and harmless disposal of lithium batteries meets the requirements of sustainable development. A large number of lithium-ion batteries have entered the market, and the recycling and reuse of waste lithium-ion batteries has also become a major challenge for the industry. What are the technical means of CR2032 button cell recycling? There are two typical follow-up paths for CR2032 button cell recycling, cascade utilization or direct material recycling. 1. Cascade utilization and raw material recycling For retired power lithium batteries, cascade utilization means material recycling after cascade utilization; direct material recycling means that the batch is too small, there is no history to check, safety monitoring fails, etc. The pursuit of economic benefits is the driving force of corporate and social behavior. In theory, cascade utilization, until the usable value of lithium batteries is reduced to below the maintenance cost, and then raw material recycling is done, the battery value is maximized. But the actual situation is that the traceability of early power batteries is poor, and the quality and model are uneven. The cascade utilization of early batteries has a high risk, and the cost of eliminating the risk is high. Therefore, it can be said that in the early stage of power battery recycling, the battery is likely to be mainly recycled by raw materials. 2. Extraction method of valuable metals from positive electrode materials The current recycling of power lithium batteries does not actually achieve the comprehensive recycling and reuse of various materials on the entire battery. The types of positive electrode materials mainly include: lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, ternary lithium, lithium iron phosphate, etc. The cost of positive electrode materials for batteries accounts for more than 1/3 of the cost of single batteries. Since the negative electrode currently uses more carbon materials such as graphite, lithium titanate Li4Ti5O12 and silicon-carbon negative electrode Si/C are less used, the current battery recycling technology is mainly aimed at the recycling of positive electrode materials for batteries. There are three main methods for recycling waste lithium batteries: physical method, chemical method and biological method. Compared with other methods, hydrometallurgy is considered to be an ideal recycling method due to its low energy consumption, high recovery efficiency and high product purity. 3. Hydrometallurgy Hydrometallurgy is a method of selectively dissolving the positive electrode materials in waste lithium-ion batteries with suitable chemical reagents and separating the metal elements in the leachate. Hydrometallurgy is more suitable for recycling waste lithium batteries with relatively simple chemical composition. It can be used alone or in combination with high-temperature metallurgy. It has low requirements for equipment and low processing costs. It is a very mature treatment method suitable for the recycling of small and medium-sized waste lithium-ion batteries. 4. Pyrometallurgy Pyrometallurgy, also known as incineration or dry metallurgy, is to remove organic binders in electrode materials by high-temperature incineration, while causing metals and their compounds therein to undergo redox reactions, recover low-boiling metals and their compounds in the form of condensation, and recover metals in slag by screening, pyrolysis, magnetic separation or chemical methods. Pyrometallurgy has low requirements for the composition of raw materials and is suitable for large-scale processing of more complex lithium batteries. Current status of CR2032 button cell recycling At present, my country's waste CR2032 button cell recycling system is not yet sound, and recycling technology and business models have not reached mature standards. At present, problems such as immature utilization technology, imperfect acquisition network, imperfect management measures, and inadequate support policies are still plaguing my country's CR2032 button cell recycling industry, and business models and profit models are yet to be explored. The imperfect system of cascade utilization is still the biggest problem facing the recycling of old lithium batteries. There is no clear standard for the battery capacity to enter the next stage of utilization and the capacity to enter the recycling process. At present, there are only a few high-quality lithium iron phosphate batteries that can be used for early power batteries for cascade utilization, and the rest of the batteries, including ternary batteries, are not worth using. After a period of use, it is difficult for ternary lithium batteries to ensure the uniformity of the electrochemical properties of the internal materials of the battery, so there are safety risks in using them for cascade utilization. If the battery pack is disassembled, the cost will increase significantly. It is only valuable to use it directly without disassembling the battery pack. Finally, I would like to remind everyone that the reuse of waste power lithium batteries must undergo quality testing, including safety assessment, cycle life testing, etc., and the cells must be sorted and graded, and then reorganized before they can be reused. Otherwise, consistency cannot be guaranteed.

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