The current status and prospects of hydrogen energy and fuel-powered CR2016 battery technology development

Hydrogen energy is a green and efficient secondary energy source with the advantages of wide sources, high combustion calorific value, clean and pollution-free, storable, and convenient conversion with multiple energy sources. It is an important part of clean energy in the future. From a global perspective, hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles, as an important direction of technological innovation, are gradually becoming an important field for large-scale commercial application of hydrogen energy. my country's hydrogen energy development is in the early stages of demonstration and application, and will play an important role in new energy consumption and carbon emission reduction in the transportation field in the future.

New energy hydrogen production technology and hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery technology have become current hot spots

Hydrogen energy is a green and efficient secondary energy source with high calorific value, rich reserves, diverse sources, wide application, and multiple forms of utilization. The hydrogen energy industry chain includes hydrogen production, storage and transportation, and hydrogen use. In terms of hydrogen production, the global hydrogen production exceeded 60 million tons in 2017, of which 96% came from fossil fuels, most of which used natural gas and kerosene hydrogen production technology; the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water accounted for only 4%, and the cost of hydrogen production was high, more than twice that of fossil fuel hydrogen production. At present, the use of renewable energy to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen has become a new hot spot. In terms of hydrogen storage and transportation, 25 to 35 MPa hydrogen storage tanks with high hydrogen resistance and pressure resistance are currently widely used, and 70 MPa is in the demonstration application stage. Pipeline transportation is an important way to transport hydrogen. According to McKinsey data, as of the end of 2017, a total of 4,284 kilometers of hydrogen pipelines had been laid worldwide, of which 2,400 kilometers were in the United States and about 1,500 kilometers were in Europe. In terms of hydrogen use, most of it is limited to the industrial field, and its important use is as a raw material in the chemical industry, of which 60% is used for synthetic ammonia and 38% is used for oil refining and coal deep processing. The application scale of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles is not large, but it is developing rapidly. As of the end of 2017, there were more than 6,000 hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles in operation worldwide, and 286 hydrogen refueling stations, mainly concentrated in the United States, Japan and Germany.

Hydrogen energy has become an important part of the energy system of many countries

Hydrogen energy is a low-carbon and efficient clean energy. With the acceleration of the pace of global warming control, there is an urgent need for the development of hydrogen energy, and the market space is also very broad. At present, developed countries have introduced strong policies to support hydrogen energy and fuel-powered lithium batteries. Among them, Japan, the European Union and the United States have the strongest and most positive response. my country, South Korea, Brazil, Canada and other countries have also made relevant arrangements.

The United States is a pioneer in the development of hydrogen energy. In 1970, it began to deploy hydrogen energy technology research and development. In 2002, the Bush administration formulated a roadmap for the development of hydrogen energy in the United States and issued a series of decrees to accelerate the development of the hydrogen energy industry. Since the financial crisis in 2008, the Obama administration has reduced its financial support for the hydrogen energy field and turned to supporting clean energy, electric vehicles and other industries with relatively mature technologies and conducive to economic recovery in a short period of time, which has had a certain impact on the development of hydrogen energy. In 2014, the United States promulgated the "Comprehensive Energy Strategy", re-determined the leading role of hydrogen energy in transportation transformation, and announced in 2017 that it would continue to support the construction of 30 hydrogen energy projects, promoting significant progress in the hydrogen energy industry. According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Energy, in 2016, the U.S. hydrogen energy industry created about 16,000 jobs, more than 3,500 hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles, and 60 hydrogen refueling stations.

Japan is working hard to build a hydrogen energy society, has formulated a national hydrogen energy basic strategy, determined the goals and specific action plans for the construction of a hydrogen energy society by 2050, and plans to fully adopt hydrogen energy buses at the Tokyo Olympics. The Japanese government cooperated with automobile industry manufacturers to develop hydrogen fuel cell CR2016 battery vehicles. As of the end of 2017, Japan had more than 2,000 hydrogen fuel cell CR2016 battery vehicles, making it the world's largest hydrogen fuel cell CR2016 battery vehicle market. It is planned that by 2020, Japan will have 40,000 hydrogen fuel cell CR2016 battery vehicles on the road, 200,000 by 2025, and 800,000 by 2030. 900 widely used hydrogen refueling stations will provide hydrogen refueling services for these vehicles.

The German city of Hamburg has launched a large-scale hydrogen energy demonstration application project - the "HyCity (Hydrogen Energy City)" plan, which is called "a window to tomorrow's energy world." The plan covers the entire hydrogen energy industry chain of hydrogen production, transportation, storage and fuel cell applications. Germany is committed to developing hydrogen energy application technology that integrates wind power generation, water electrolysis hydrogen production, high-pressure hydrogen storage and fuel-powered CR2016 battery power generation technology, and has established multiple hydrogen energy demonstration application centers. For example, the hydrogen energy demonstration project, the fuel-powered CR2016 battery power station, which is constructed by ENERTRAG Energy Company, has a total rated power of 700 kilowatts and can generate 16 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year, which can meet the electricity needs of 4,000 households.

The use of hydrogen energy and factors restricting the development of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles

In the future, hydrogen energy will play an important role in jointly promoting carbon emission reduction and assisting energy transformation with new energy such as wind energy and solar energy, and become an important part of the energy system. The International Hydrogen Energy Commission predicts that the demand for hydrogen energy in 2050 will be 10 times the current level, accounting for more than 15% of terminal energy consumption, and contributing 20% to global carbon dioxide emission reduction.

Safety and high cost are currently important factors restricting the development of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles. From the perspective of safety, the safety of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles is constantly improving. Toyota Motor Corporation reduces the risk of explosion caused by hydrogen fuel leakage by equipping onboard hydrogen storage tanks and high-performance sensors made of high-strength carbon fiber materials; from the perspective of cost, hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles have a large room for cost reduction in the future. At the end of 2016, the cost of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles was about 2.1 times that of fuel vehicles and 1.6 times that of pure electric vehicles, of which the fuel-powered CR2016 battery system accounted for half. In recent years, Toyota Motor Corporation has continuously reduced the amount of catalyst platinum metal in the fuel-powered CR2016 battery system (the cost accounts for about half of the whole vehicle) through technological innovation, which has reduced the cost of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles by nearly 80% in the past 10 years. The IEA (International Energy Agency) predicts that by 2030 and 2050, the cost of hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles will drop by 44% and 55% respectively compared to the current level, approaching the cost of fuel vehicles. In 2030, hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles will account for 3% of the total vehicle production in the world, and will increase to about 15% in 2050, with more than 300 million hydrogen fuel vehicles put into operation. Considering factors such as development stage, technology maturity, and cost trends, electric vehicles will still be the dominant technology for new energy vehicles in the future. Hydrogen fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles will be widely used in heavy-duty vehicle fields such as public transportation and buses by leveraging technical advantages such as short hydrogen refueling time and long driving range.

Current status of my country's hydrogen energy industry and future application areas of hydrogen energy in my country

my country's hydrogen energy industry is still in the early stages of demonstration application, and there is a large gap with developed countries. Since 2011, my country has successively announced a series of policy measures to guide and encourage the development of industries including hydrogen energy and fuel-powered CR2016 battery industries. Since 2017, various regions in my country have also begun to introduce hydrogen energy support policies suitable for their own development. Shanghai took the lead in issuing a development plan for fuel-powered CR2016 battery vehicles in 2017, and Wuhan and Suzhou have successively announced hydrogen energy industry plans. At present, my country's coal chemical hydrogen production is at the forefront, but it is relatively lagging behind in the research and development of fuel-powered CR2016 battery technology, hydrogen energy key materials and equipment manufacturing, and insufficient investment in basic research and development and core technologies. The overall development of the hydrogen energy industry lags behind developed countries. By the end of 2017, there were less than 300 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in operation in my country, only 7 hydrogen refueling stations, and the progress of new energy hydrogen production projects was slow. Recently, the State Energy Investment Group Corporation took the lead in establishing the my country Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Power CR2016 battery Industry Innovation Strategic Alliance, with more than a dozen central enterprises participating, including State Grid, CRRC, Baowu Steel, and FAW, and more than 50 alliance units, aiming to accelerate the layout of my country's hydrogen energy industry.

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