Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap

　　Electric vehicles are high-tech products mainly powered by batteries and driven entirely or partially by electric motors, involving multiple disciplines such as machinery, electronics, power, and microcomputer control. According to the current technological status and vehicle driving principles, electric vehicles can be divided into three types: hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, and fuel cell electric vehicles. With technological progress and application development, the classification of electric vehicles will also undergo new changes. For example, Plug in electric vehicles, as a branch, are gradually expanding their influence and will soon become an important force in the history of electric vehicle development.

　　1. Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)

　　In the past decade or so, due to relatively mature technology, significant energy-saving and environmental protection effects, hybrid vehicles have developed rapidly and gradually entered the stage of commercial promotion and application under the encouragement of preferential policies in various countries. Japanese hybrid electric vehicle models represented by Prius and Civic have an absolute advantage in the market, occupying a major position in technology and market. In recent years, major automobile manufacturers in Europe and America have also launched hybrid vehicles with their own characteristics. The pattern dominated by Japan is breaking, and it can be foreseen that within 2-3 years, hybrid electric vehicles will gradually become the mainstream competitive model of major automobile companies.

　　Hybrid electric vehicles mainly refer to vehicles that add an auxiliary power system composed of an electric motor and a power battery on the basis of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, and use this system for power balance, coupling, energy regeneration, and storage functions. The fuel efficiency ranges from 10% to 40% depending on the degree of electromechanical coupling, control strategies, and road traffic conditions.

　　2. Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV)

　　Plug in electric vehicles, also known as externally rechargeable hybrid electric vehicles, charge the power batteries equipped in the system by connecting to a household power source (110V/220V) or a dedicated power source (380V/500V). After charging, the electric vehicle can be driven by the battery to drive the electric motor in pure electric mode. After the remaining charge of the rechargeable battery is used up, the vehicle can start the parallel or series hybrid mode adopted by the internal combustion engine for driving. PHEV has achieved a true hybrid of oil and electricity, which can be refueled or charged, and can achieve zero emission driving over long distances, making it cleaner than conventional hybrid power.

　　PHEV combines the advantages of both pure electric vehicles and conventional HEVs, making it a feasible, clean, energy-saving, and user-friendly vehicle at present. It is a transitional technology solution from HEV to BEV. The starting point of externally rechargeable hybrid vehicles is to use pure electric mode for driving.

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