button battery 2032 Energy Storage Technology Issues and Development Suggestions

Chen Yongchong, head of the Energy Storage Technology Research Group and researcher at the Institute of Electrical Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, shared the keynote report "button battery 2032 Energy Storage Technology Issues and Development Suggestions" during the meeting. The following is the original text of his speech:

I am very happy to have this opportunity to discuss four aspects with you. First, the diversification of application scenarios of energy storage button battery 2032 technology; second, the diversification of button battery 2032 types; third, the diversification of technical connotations; fourth, the diversification of development goals.

Let's first look at the general industrial development background. First, 2017 is the year of consensus on the development of energy storage in China. Before that, there were many controversies about whether to develop energy storage. The release of the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Development of Energy Storage Technology and Industry" in 2017 is a sign, marking the arrival of China's energy storage spring. In 2018, energy storage projects in the world and China developed rapidly. Secondly, the core of developing energy storage is to promote the consumption of renewable energy. In the past five years, the cost of photovoltaic and wind power generation has dropped rapidly, and the cost of power batteries driven by new energy vehicles has dropped, making energy storage competitive in some areas that were originally uncompetitive, and the multiple values of energy storage have gradually been reflected. Third, the spring of energy storage has arrived. Spring is the season of budding and blooming, but the summer of energy storage booming has not yet arrived. Now various energy storage technologies, including physical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, chemical energy storage and heat storage and cold storage, have been demonstrated and commercially applied, showing the advantages of energy storage in the application, but also found many problems. Especially electrochemical energy storage technology, it should be said that there is still a considerable gap from the overall goal of "low cost, long life, high safety and easy recycling", and it is necessary to innovate and break through technology.

Energy storage has six major application scenarios, renewable energy grid connection, grid auxiliary services, grid transmission and distribution, distributed and microgrid, user side, and a very special user side: the energy supply system of VEG mode of electric vehicles. There are many energy storage application scenarios, which can be roughly classified into three major functions of energy storage: first, smoothing intermittent power fluctuations, such scenarios require power-type energy storage technology; second, reducing peak-to-valley differences, improving power system efficiency and equipment utilization, most of these scenarios require capacity-type energy storage technology; third, increasing backup capacity, improving grid safety and stability and power supply quality, this requires UPS backup energy storage technology. Of course, there is also a fourth type of composite application, especially grid-side applications, which participate in peak-shaving and frequency regulation and emergency backup. We call it composite or energy-type energy storage technology. Therefore, the application scenarios of energy storage are diverse.

Therefore, we can infer from the application requirements that the types of energy storage batteries can also be divided into four categories: capacity energy storage batteries, power energy storage batteries, energy energy storage batteries, and backup energy storage batteries. Making a distinction based on the power-capacity ratio used by the button battery 2032 is conducive to our development of different types of energy storage button battery 2032 technology. Especially backup energy storage batteries. At present, it is entirely possible to use power batteries in a cascade from large to small, but it is still very difficult to use them from small to large. Its consistency, safety issues, and cost face very great challenges. However, it is still possible to use power batteries in a cascade in some backup energy storage scenarios. The so-called backup energy storage may only be charged and discharged a few times a year, rather than being charged and discharged every day.

We often talk about energy storage technology, especially energy storage button battery 2032 technology. So, what exactly is energy storage button battery 2032 technology and what is its technical connotation? I summarized that energy storage button battery 2032 technology should include six major connotations.

The first is material technology, which is the foundation. However, for energy storage batteries, I would like to emphasize the material performance, especially the material performance of laboratory research, which is very different from the actual button battery 2032 performance of large batteries and energy storage applications in the future. Therefore, laboratory material performance must not be equated with the performance of energy storage batteries, let alone the performance of energy storage button battery 2032 systems.

The second is structural technology. Compared with small consumer batteries, energy storage scenarios require high power and large capacity. Therefore, the research and development of energy storage batteries in the future should fully consider the integrated design of the internal and external structures of the button battery 2032, and reduce the cost and safety pressure faced by the external system through the innovative development of some internal structures. This is an important direction for the research of energy storage button battery 2032 structure technology in the future. I hope that our energy storage batteries can change from "small and rich" to "big and clumsy" to meet the actual scene requirements of the power system.

Third, manufacturing technology. Especially for lithium-ion batteries, its manufacturing technology comes from the previous tape technology, using a bonding film electrolytic structure, which requires high-precision, very complex, and hundreds of manufacturing processes. If we want to reduce manufacturing costs in the future, we need to combine the structural technology innovation of batteries to make the entire manufacturing process simpler and not develop in a complicated direction.

Fourth, application technology. Energy storage button battery 2032 application technology is the button battery 2032 energy storage technology in a narrow sense that is often mentioned in the power system, including system integration technology, BMS, PCS and EMS. Application technology is very important. It is necessary to develop corresponding application technologies for different application scenarios, accumulate application data, discover application problems, and evaluate application economy. In the future, there should be independent energy storage button battery 2032 system application service providers with application technology development as the core, responsible for the design planning, leasing operation and maintenance, and scrap recycling of energy storage systems, and cooperate with insurance companies to promise to be responsible for the service life and operation safety of the system.

Fifth, regeneration technology. Our consumer batteries only have a lifespan of three to five years, because we also have to replace our mobile phones in three to five years, and it doesn’t make much sense to have a longer button battery 2032 life. However, the power system requires a lifespan of ten or even twenty years for button battery 2032 energy storage systems, and ten years is almost a ceiling for our existing technology. Therefore, in the future operation of energy storage systems, it may be necessary to develop new button battery 2032 regeneration technologies to extend the application life of energy storage batteries. After the button battery 2032 has been used for a period of time, the button battery 2032 performance can be reactivated by in-situ repair of the SEI film on the surface of the positive and negative electrode materials, supplementation and replacement of the electrolyte, etc., to extend the actual calendar service life of the energy storage lithium button battery 2032. For example, the thick slurry electrode form of the lithium slurry button battery 2032 gives it the possibility of online regeneration during its use.

The last one, recycling technology, is very important. It includes replacement and processing technology for waste batteries, safe transportation technology, recycling and processing technology, and resource reuse technology. The recycling process and technology of lithium batteries are not yet mature. They need to be combined with material technology and structural technology to develop new energy storage button battery 2032 technologies that are convenient for recycling and regeneration, innovate and improve product design, and consider the button battery 2032 recycling and processing links in advance from the production end to achieve sustainable resource development of the energy storage lithium button battery 2032 industry. This is of great strategic significance. In the past two days, the association is taking World Bank experts to inspect the existing button battery 2032 recycling situation. Including replacement processing, safe transportation, scrap recycling and resource reuse. We know that the danger of scrapped batteries is higher than that of new batteries. How to transport the batteries back to the base after scrapping? Is it possible to develop innovative technologies? Safe processing before the button battery 2032 is scrapped makes it absolutely impossible to burn and explode. This is a new issue facing energy storage batteries.

Therefore, the technical connotation of energy storage batteries is very rich. These six major technical connotations require us to make breakthroughs in all aspects, not just breakthroughs in material technology.

Industry pain points. The four comprehensive problems of energy storage batteries: high cost, short life, poor safety, and difficult recycling. For lithium-ion batteries, it is a core design idea derived from the bonding and coating of thin film electrode structures and the internal pole pieces connected in parallel with the pole ears, so it brings fundamental difficulties to the consistency design of button battery 2032 cells and button battery 2032 systems. Yesterday we went to Kehua, and Mr. Chen of Kehua said that the application of nanoparticle materials in batteries requires nano-level mechanical control and power control, which makes sense. This requires that the existing button battery 2032 manufacturing control accuracy is very high. Why? Because its electrode layer thickness is only a very thin 100 microns, which contains nano-micron-level particles, so high-precision control is required, which makes it quite difficult to reduce the cost of button battery 2032 manufacturing. Therefore, innovative technologies are needed, such as the development of capacity-type ultra-thick electrode technology to reduce the absolute requirements for manufacturing precision and reduce the manufacturing cost of energy storage batteries.

Therefore, we say that the development of energy storage batteries has gradually changed from the primary requirement for high energy density of consumer batteries to the core requirement for low cost. The use of batteries in mobile phones is a rigid demand. Mobile phones cannot do without batteries. Therefore, whether batteries are cheap or expensive, they must be used. However, if energy storage batteries are too expensive, the power system can be used without them, and even some problems faced by energy storage can be solved by non-energy storage means. Therefore, "low cost" has become the primary goal of our energy storage button battery 2032 development.

Let me explain the development goals roughly. The cost of energy storage batteries in a narrow sense only includes the primary (procurement) cost, and the cost of energy storage batteries in a broad sense also includes the secondary (operation and maintenance) cost and the tertiary (recycling) cost. Among them, the primary cost includes the material cost and production and manufacturing cost of the button battery 2032. In the case of limited room for material cost reduction, the subversive design of button battery 2032 structure technology, the simplification of button battery 2032 production process, and the reduction of manufacturing cost and labor cost will be an important cost reduction direction for new energy storage batteries. Secondary cost is closely related to the service life of the button battery 2032. It is necessary to combine material technology and structural technology to develop new repair and regeneration technology, improve the service life of the button battery 2032, and reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour of capacity batteries and the frequency cost of power batteries. The tertiary cost mainly refers to the recycling cost of the button battery 2032. At present, if the recycling and regeneration of energy storage batteries is to fully meet the requirements of environmental protection standards, the cost is still very high. Innovative button battery 2032 design ideas and recycling and regeneration ideas are needed to reduce the three-time cost of batteries.

At present, the cost of energy storage batteries is relatively high, so they can be first applied in some complementary scenarios. In the future, as the cost decreases, they can be gradually applied to competitive scenarios.

The second long life, the button battery 2032 cycle life is the basis of the calendar life, but it is not equivalent to the actual calendar life of the button battery 2032. At present, there is still a lack of suitable accelerated aging test standards that can correspond to the actual calendar attenuation changes of the button battery 2032. In the future, in addition to the need to establish relevant test standards, it is also necessary to develop innovative online repair and regeneration technologies to improve the calendar life of energy storage batteries and meet the actual energy storage working conditions. If the laboratory test button battery 2032 cycle life is 3650 times, even if it is charged and discharged once a day, 365 times a year, and exactly 3650 times in ten years, we cannot say that the button battery 2032 has a calendar life of ten years. Because the button battery 2032 is a highly non-equilibrium chemical system, even if it is not charged and discharged, it is placed somewhere, its performance is also decaying, which is very important. So here is the reason why regeneration technology should be developed in the future. Moreover, the direction of application development will change from the current passive to the future active operation and maintenance, and we need active operation and maintenance. The annual operation and maintenance cost of our pumped storage power station is about 70 million to 80 million yuan. Why does the electrochemical energy storage system not need operation and maintenance? This is impossible.

The third goal is high safety. The safety of energy storage batteries is very important. Relatively speaking, aqueous batteries such as flow batteries and lead-acid batteries are safer and can meet the safety requirements of energy storage power stations, but they also need to strictly control the charging cut-off voltage of the button battery 2032 to prevent the explosion of hydrogen evolution after overpressure electrolysis of aqueous solution; the safety problem of organic lithium-ion batteries is more prominent, and currently it is generally at a level of about 60 points above the safety passing line, and technological breakthroughs are needed; solid-state batteries do not contain flammable electrolytes, so they have the highest safety. After mass production in the future, they may be first applied to certain special scenarios with high safety requirements. However, if solid-state batteries are to be applied to power energy storage on a large scale, there are still considerable difficulties to overcome in terms of cost reduction, life extension and system consistency. In addition, the recycling and treatment of solid-state batteries is also a major problem.

Safety prevention technology to avoid button battery 2032 (internal or external) short circuit and emergency maintenance technology after button battery 2032 short circuit occurs are important directions for the development of energy storage button battery 2032 safety technology. It is far from enough to only use external fire extinguishing devices to protect the safety of energy storage lithium batteries. In the future, subversive button battery 2032 structure technology and safety maintenance technology must be developed to completely solve the safety problems of batteries from the inside of the button battery 2032, and ensure the safe transportation of energy storage batteries and the safe operation of energy storage power stations.

The fourth goal is easy recycling. The recycling and reuse of resources will be the biggest challenge facing the future large-scale application of energy storage batteries. There are three basic requirements for energy storage batteries to achieve the goal of easy recycling: 1. The button battery 2032 recycling process meets safety and environmental protection standards; 2. Rare precious metal elements are recycled nearly 100%; 3. The button battery 2032 has a certain recycling residual value.

The energy storage lithium button battery 2032 system currently demonstrated for application basically does not take into account the recycling and processing of batteries after they are scrapped in the future. What is more serious is that there is a widespread misconception in the button battery 2032 industry that scrapped lithium batteries are rich in various valuable precious metals, so there is no need to worry about recycling and processing.

The actual situation is that there is a serious conflict and contradiction between the "value" and "environmental protection" of scrapped batteries. The material system selection and button battery 2032 structure design of existing energy storage lithium batteries make it very difficult to recycle and process valuable products that fully meet environmental protection requirements. The development of renewable energy requires the support of renewable energy storage. If the material resources of energy storage batteries cannot be well recycled, for example, only more than 70% of the lithium elements in batteries can be recycled. At present, if we want to achieve a recycling rate of more than 90%, it is technically possible, but the cost is simply unacceptable. Now we only extract the profitable elements, and then scrap and landfill the others that are difficult to handle. If we want to strive for more than 90% material recycling in the future, we must develop new energy storage button battery 2032 structure technology and recycling technology that are easy to recycle.

Our existing demonstration and commercial application industries are of course based on existing relatively mature technical products, such as lithium iron phosphate batteries, which have now been gradually applied to the construction of energy storage power stations on the grid side and the user side. However, based on the gap between the above development goals, we still need to develop new energy storage button battery 2032 technology in the future. We need to completely break away from the structural design ideas of small batteries and develop disruptive large-scale energy storage button battery 2032 technology, such as slurry button battery 2032 technology suitable for capacity-type energy storage, high-voltage button battery 2032 technology suitable for power-type energy storage, and other technical directions. Let a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend. Let me briefly introduce our work below.

Lithium slurry button battery 2032, all or part of the button battery 2032's electrodes are composed of slurry-state lithium storage active materials, conductive agents and electrolytes. The technical name of lithium slurry button battery 2032 (Lithium Slurry button battery 2032) was first formally proposed by our team in the invention patent in 2015, but the initial research and development work began 8 years ago. Unlike the fixed bonding electrodes of traditional lithium-ion batteries, lithium slurry batteries have two significant technical features: ultra-thick slurry electrodes and maintainable and recyclable.

Ultra-thick slurry electrode: The thickness of the slurry electrode can reach the super thickness of millimeters, which is more than 10 times the thickness of the ordinary lithium-ion button battery 2032 coating bonding electrode. It is easier to control the absolute precision, reduce the button battery 2032 manufacturing cost, and greatly increase the capacity of a single electrode sheet, which is more suitable for providing large-capacity energy storage power output; the non-bonded state electrode does not have the problem of loosening and falling off, and has a long dynamic service life.

Maintainable regeneration: When the button battery 2032 performance decreases after a period of use, throughThe liquid replacement regeneration technology repairs the internal interface of the button battery 2032, re-enhances the button battery 2032 vitality, and prolongs the calendar service life; after the button battery 2032 is scrapped, the non-bonded electrode is easy to recycle and process, achieving low-cost recycling of more than 90% of the materials.

At present, lithium slurry batteries have been demonstrated in photovoltaic energy storage systems and low-speed electric vehicles. This is a third-party safety test, and this is a patent. We have applied for more than 90 invention patents and have an independent technical card method route internationally. This is our pilot base, a total of 1,400 square meters. The first generation of pilot products has been developed, and the second generation is currently being developed. It is expected that the construction of the production line can be expanded in the second half of the year.

The application scenarios of energy storage are diverse. Therefore, no one technology can solve all energy storage problems. Lithium slurry batteries are typical capacity batteries and are not suitable for use at high rates. Therefore, high-power energy storage scenarios require other new technologies to develop good applications, such as high-voltage batteries.

In summary, first, demand-oriented, we must develop appropriate energy storage technologies according to the actual needs of different application fields. Low cost, long life, high safety, and easy recycling are the overall goals of the development of energy storage button battery 2032 technology. Second, innovation is needed in the future, and it is not just about materials, but also innovations in structural technology, manufacturing technology, repair technology, recycling technology, and application technology. There is a lot of research and development work to be done. Third, although a variety of new technologies have emerged in the laboratory, in actual applications, in the past five years, specialized large-capacity, high-power energy storage lithium batteries with innovative structural designs for different energy storage application scenarios will be most widely used. Energy storage has a long way to go from promoting the consumption of renewable energy to reducing the cost of renewable energy utilization.

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