How to improve NiMH battery pack life is currently in the "bottleneck" stage of research and development.

　　At the third Tongji Automobile Innovation and Development Forum, experts and scholars from all walks of life focused on the development prospects of the "new four modernizations" of automobiles. In particular, automobile intelligence and electrification became the main topics of discussion. In the past two years, new energy vehicles have truly taken the lead in the industry. Not only are national policy guidance and enterprises' vigorous research and development, but the public's acceptance of new energy vehicles is also gradually increasing. The biggest problem facing pure electric vehicles at the moment is endurance. Currently, the market mainly uses ternary lithium batteries, and the mileage is generally maintained at about 500 kilometers. How to improve endurance is currently stuck in the "bottleneck" stage of research and development.

　　However, at the technical level, R&D researchers have also thought of a way to solve long NiMH battery pack life, which is to use solid-state batteries, which are an evolution of lithium batteries. In easy-to-understand terms, the main difference between the two is that ternary lithium conducts electricity through liquids, while solid-state batteries, as the name implies, naturally conduct electricity through solids. So why are solid-state batteries a better choice? Because during the charging and discharging process of the NiMH battery pack, the liquid lithium gradually solidifies while passing through the anode and cathode partitions for a long time, resulting in dendritic crystals, which leads to a decrease in NiMH battery pack performance. In extreme cases, it may cause overheating, short circuit or even combustion.

　　Solid-state batteries completely solve the above situation. Its top ten characteristics are: it is expected to inhibit dendrites of lithium batteries; it is not easy to burn or explode; there is no continuous interface reaction; there is no electrolyte leakage; it has better high-temperature performance; there is no flatulence; The purity requirements of raw materials are low; the positive electrode selection surface is wide; the volume of inactive materials is reduced; the NiMH battery pack cores can be connected in series. To put it bluntly, solid-state batteries use solid materials such as ceramics, glass or polymers to replace liquid batteries, which reduces the risk of NiMH battery pack fire and combustion and is more outstanding in terms of safety performance. The NiMH battery pack size will also be greatly reduced and can be placed under the car seat to improve the space and comfort in the car.

　　Ultimately, the most important point is that solid-state batteries have higher energy density per unit weight, which is expected to reach 300 to 400Wh/kg or even higher. We know that the energy density of ternary lithium batteries is generally 200Wh/kg. If solid-state batteries are developed and matured, the NiMH battery pack life of the same weight will be doubled. Companies like Tesla with excellent NiMH battery pack management technology, whose MODELS can already exceed the "watershed" of 500 kilometers, then solid-state batteries can achieve performance of more than 1,000 kilometers, significantly increasing the driving range of pure electric vehicles. At present, Toyota, Volkswagen, BMW, Hyundai, Fisker and other companies have invested a lot of money in the research and development of solid-state batteries. In the next 5-6 years, perhaps we will be able to witness the mass production of solid-state NiMH battery pack vehicles. Toyota has announced that it will launch its first electric vehicle using solid-state batteries in 2022, and Volkswagen and Hyundai are also expected to achieve mass production of solid-state batteries in 2025.

　　In addition to solid-state batteries providing a direction for the future electrification of automobiles, the call for hydrogen energy vehicles is also growing. Hydrogen fuel cells are not a new thing. As early as the 1960s, they were successfully used in special aerospace fields. Hydrogen is used as fuel. The only emission is water generated by the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen. I studied chemistry in junior high school. All students should know that it is truly pollution-free and zero-emission.

　　Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are more convenient to use than pure electric vehicles. The time to refuel is basically the same as refueling gasoline in a fuel vehicle, which basically only takes 3-5 minutes, which greatly saves time compared with electric vehicles. It can be said that hydrogen energy vehicles solve the main "pain points" of current new energy vehicles, so why have they not been developed yet? First, hydrogen must undergo high-pressure treatment to become liquid hydrogen, be stored and transported to a hydrogenation station. Because hydrogen is flammable and explosive, it naturally places higher requirements on compression technology and transportation.

　　Secondly, the construction cost of hydrogenation stations is high, the technology is difficult, and the process is more complex. It is difficult to operate and maintain without the support of a large user base. Therefore, hydrogen energy is currently mainly used in passenger cars and commercial vehicles.

　　However, the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles has never stopped. In particular, Toyota, Honda and Hyundai have mass-produced hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, they are limited by technology costs. For example, the Toyota hydrogen fuel cell vehicle Mirai on sale is priced at 350,000. Yuan and above, there is also a lack of hydrogen refueling station facilities in China, which cannot stimulate consumers' enthusiasm for purchasing. However, the remarkable characteristics of short charging time, long driving distance, environmental protection and no pollution will inevitably make hydrogen energy NiMH battery pack vehicles a new choice for future travel.

　　So, between hydrogen energy NiMH battery pack vehicles and solid-state NiMH battery pack vehicles, which one will become the main direction of future automobile travel? In fact, it’s like asking whether Sichuan food is better or Cantonese food is better. Both of them experience delicious food to fill their stomachs. Everyone’s starting point and needs are different, and they will choose a travel method that is more suitable for them. The editor believes that the two represent two new modes of travel in the future, and they will coexist. It depends on consumers' own choices.

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