Researchers predict materials for stable lithium ion battery 18650 price with high recording capacity

　　A Northwestern University research team has found a way to stabilize new batteries with high recording capacities. Based on a lithium manganese oxide cathode, this breakthrough could more than double the battery life of smartphones and battery-powered cars.

　　"This battery electrode has achieved one of the highest capacities ever reported for any transition metal oxide-based electrode, which is more than twice the capacity of materials currently in cell phones or laptops," Jerome B. Christopher Wolverton explain. Cohen Professor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering, who is responsible for the research. "This high capacity will represent a huge advance for lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles."

　　The research was published online on May 14 in Science Advances.

　　Lithium-ion batteries work by shuttling lithium ions back and forth between the anode and cathode. The cathode is made of a compound containing lithium ions, transition metals and oxygen. Transition metals (usually cobalt) efficiently store and release electrical energy as lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode and back. The capacity of the cathode is then limited by the number of electrons in the transition metal participating in the reaction.

　　A French research team first reported high-capacity lithium manganese oxide compounds in 2016. By replacing traditional cobalt with cheaper manganese, the team developed a cheaper electrode that more than doubled its capacity. But it's not without its challenges. During the first two cycles, the battery's performance degraded so significantly that the researchers did not believe it would be commercially viable. Nor do they fully understand the chemical sources of bulk or degradation.

　　After detailed atomic diagrams of the cathode atoms, Wolverton's team discovered the reason behind the material's high capacity: It forces oxygen to participate in the reaction process. In addition to transition metals, batteries have a higher ability to store and use lithium by using oxygen to store and release electrical energy.

　　Next, the Northwest team turned their attention to stabilizing the battery to prevent it from rapidly degrading.

　　"With knowledge of the charging process, we used high-throughput calculations to scan the periodic table to find new ways to synthesize this compound with other elements that could improve battery performance," said Zhenpeng Yao, first author on the paper and Former Ph.D. student in Wolverton's lab.

　　Calculations identified two elements: chromium and vanadium. The team predicts that mixing the element with lithium manganese oxide will create a stable compound that will maintain the cathode's unprecedentedly high capacity. Next, Wolverton and his collaborators will test these theoretical compounds experimentally in the lab.

　　This research was supported by the Electrochemical Energy Science Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the Basic Energy Sciences Division of the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science under Grant DE-AC02-06CH11357. Yao, currently a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University, and Soo Kim, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT, are both former members of Wolverton's lab and served as first authors on the paper.

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