What will be the next breakthrough point in the LR41 battery era?

　　There are two dazzling "new stars" in the LR41 battery era (BeyondLIB), which are Li-S and Li-Air batteries. In fact, they are all old-fashioned systems, but they have been repackaged and become popular in recent years. The best Li-S batteries in the world are American Polyplus, SionPower and German BASF. The current energy density of a single cell can reach a level of more than 400Wh/kg, but the cycleability is far from meeting practical requirements and self-discharge. More seriously, the rate performance is also relatively poor. Li-S batteries must solve the problem of metallic lithium anode, otherwise Li-S batteries will basically lose their high-energy advantages.

　　Coupled with the unique "polysulfide ion shuttle effect" of Li-S batteries, the author does not think that Li-S batteries will have practical application in electric vehicles. In the future, Li-S batteries will be used in small applications such as special applications and in the wild. There may be certain application prospects in special fields. As for Li-Air batteries, its ideas and starting points are different from lithium-sulfur. It belongs to the category of air batteries.

　　In the author's personal opinion, metal-air batteries, especially secondary metal-air batteries, actually organically combine the shortcomings of secondary batteries and fuel cells, and amplify the shortcomings, and basically do not have the potential to be commercialized. value.

　　The author personally believes that the next breakthrough point for lithium batteries may lie in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, rather than the currently highly hyped Li-S and Li-Air batteries. Due to the use of metallic lithium as the negative electrode, the energy density of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries will be greatly improved compared to current liquid lithium-ion batteries. The author estimates that the actual energy density of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries can exceed the level of 350Wh/kg. Good safety is another major advantage of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries.

　　However, due to the slow speed of ion transmission in the solid electrolyte and the large resistance at the interface between the solid electrolyte and the positive and negative electrode materials, these two basic characteristics determine that the rate and performance of the all-solid-state battery must be its shortcomings.

　　For current power batteries, even for capacity-type power batteries used in EVs, 1C charge and discharge is the most basic rate requirement, not to mention the rate requirements of PHEV and HEV power batteries. In addition, the cyclability and temperature performance of all-solid-state batteries still face great challenges.

　　Therefore, the author personally believes that all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries may have practical applications in 3C small electronic devices in the future, and large power batteries may not be its applicable field. According to the current international research and development status of all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (Japan is in a leading position in this field, while my country is relatively weak in the field of all-solid-state lithium-ion battery research), the author does not believe that all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries will be available in the next 10 years. Batteries have the potential for large-scale commercialization.

　　What the author wants to emphasize here is that for lithium batteries, these main technical indicators actually have a "seesaw effect". When the gourd is pressed, the improvement of one indicator is often based on the sacrifice of other indicators.

　　For large-capacity power batteries, increasing energy density often means sacrificing safety, cycle and rate performance, which is well understood. In fact, the international electric vehicle community generally believes that the improvement of power battery energy density must take into account multiple technical indicators to achieve the balance and optimization of the comprehensive performance of the battery system, rather than blindly increasing the cell energy density at the risk of safety.

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