Briefly describe the six major power CR2450 battery technologies

　　We have to admit that in the past hundred years, human beings have made full use of the generous gift of nature - fossil energy. It is also the extraordinary energy density of fossil energy that ignited the prairie fire from industrial civilization to information civilization. Fuel vehicles relying on the petroleum industry have excellently solved practical problems such as cruising range, comprehensive performance, fueling, and infrastructure. As the technology matures and costs gradually decrease, it also forms a strong path lock.

　　If new energy vehicles want to compete with or even replace traditional fuel vehicles, they may not rely solely on the introduction of policies and changes in public consciousness. The progress and development of power battery technology is also crucial. From aluminum-air batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, to hydrogen fuel cells, solid-state lithium batteries, to existing conventional lithium batteries, the debate over the technical routes of various power batteries has always been a hot topic in the industry.

　　We might as well "look up to the stars" and "keep our feet on the ground", starting from the future, and conduct a "parade" in accordance with the core principles of the power battery technology that may have the ability to compete in the Central Plains. Let’s see which technology is the future of new energy vehicles?

　　1Ideal Aluminum Air Battery Vehicle

　　If there is any reducing agent that can compete with hydrocarbons in terms of energy density, then everyone will invariably focus on specific positions in the periodic table of elements - those "small and beautiful" active metals; if there is any oxidizing agent that is large, Cheap and easy to obtain, air is almost everyone’s best choice. This is the reason why metal-air batteries that combine the advantages of both, especially aluminum-air batteries that use aluminum-related raw materials that are extremely abundant in the earth's crust as the negative electrode, have attracted a group of researchers to devote themselves to it.

　　First of all, successful aluminum-air batteries can solve the problem of vehicle endurance. The combination of aluminum negative electrode and air positive electrode is the best representation of energy density. It should be said that "a thousand miles a day, eight hundred miles a night" should be said.

　　Secondly, successful aluminum-air batteries can solve vehicle charging problems. The "mechanical charging" of the aluminum-air battery that uses the method of replacing the negative electrode is no inferior to the fuel filling of traditional fuel vehicles, and it is as convenient and fast as Iron Man's energy block.

　　Once again, successful aluminum-air battery infrastructure is easy to use and build. Electrolytic aluminum facilities close to the renewable energy resource center, coupled with a developed freight network, plus a "mechanical charging" station comparable to a convenience store, combine the surface inertness of metal aluminum at room temperature with the environmental friendliness and easy recycling of aluminum oxide With its characteristics, it is almost possible to build a perfect closed-loop energy transportation network.

　　Even if the overall energy cycle efficiency is not as good as CR2450 battery charging piles and battery swap stations, aluminum-air battery vehicles can "dominate" the future of energy and transportation simply by relying on the above three advantages.

　　However, there are considerable technical difficulties in realizing the application of aluminum-air battery technology, such as the corrosion inhibition of the aluminum negative electrode and the research and design of the positive electrode oxygen-absorbing catalyst. It is no exaggeration to say that researchers who can overcome the above obstacles and realize the transportation application of aluminum-air batteries are definitely worthy of a heavy Nobel Prize.

　　2. "Open" lithium-sulfur battery car

　　Say goodbye to mileage anxiety, don’t want to change batteries but just want to charge them, the ultimate form of lithium batteries, research hotspots with mixed reputations... The above descriptions all point to the same technology, which is lithium-sulfur battery technology.

　　Let the battery be no less inferior to the fuel tank-successful lithium-sulfur battery can also solve the battery life problem, which is also an advantage that its concept has had since its birth.

　　First of all, successful lithium-sulfur batteries can eliminate the trouble of charging vehicles. When an electric vehicle has a driving range of 700 kilometers, it is not only friendly to the power grid, but also brings a better user experience to the owner.

　　Secondly, successful lithium-sulfur batteries can be used with the infrastructure of conventional lithium-ion vehicles, and their excellent cruising range has diluted the need for fast charging technology. Building a scientific and reasonable power transmission and distribution network and cooperating with peak-valley price differences and market-based electricity prices can effectively coordinate the charging behavior of vehicles. Relying on a high proportion of renewable energy will help greatly increase the market share of electric vehicles.

　　However, like aluminum-air batteries, lithium-sulfur battery technology is also full of uncertainties. Significant changes in electrode structure, the shuttle effect of polysulfides, and difficult-to-control side reactions are all hindering lithium-sulfur battery technology from moving from the laboratory to the market.

　　It would undoubtedly be a good thing if lithium-sulfur battery technology can be confirmed or falsified by practical applications as soon as possible. If not, then we can only hope that someone will "cheat" to do this in the future.

　　3Pioneering fuel cell vehicles

　　Toyota and Honda, two major Japanese car companies, Hyundai and other Korean car companies, and European car companies catching up... are based on the high energy density and short filling time of high-pressure hydrogen, using "electricity-hydrogen-electricity" as the energy path fuel Battery cars are unparalleled in their popularity.

　　Since its launch, the Toyota Mirai fuel cell vehicle has achieved a safe operation of about 100,000 kilometers as a test vehicle. What awaits it is the challenge of a cruising range of 200,000 kilometers or more. However, if the fuel cell can be paired with an appropriate amount of CR2450 battery, this extended-range fuel cell vehicle may be more reliable.

　　Under perfect design conditions, the safety of fuel cell vehicles is actually not a problem—hydrogen gas quickly dissipates upward in an open environment. Furthermore, what kind of vehicle with a long range does not have a fuel pack?

　　More concerning issues should be the life of the fuel cell stack, the high cost caused by reliance on platinum-based catalysts, and the inefficiency of the "electricity-hydrogen-electricity" energy conversion path. Compared with lithium electric vehicles of the same specifications, fuel cell vehicles are more expensive, and their primary energy consumption is basically twice as much. In addition, hydrogen and liquid hydrogen are not suitable for long-distance transportation and storage, so fuel cell vehicles theoretically cannot achieve a large-scale closed-loop energy transportation network like aluminum-air battery vehicles.

　　It is more reasonable to go from renewable energy bases to ultra-high voltage power transmission to on-site hydrogen production or short- and medium-distance transportation of hydrogen within a city. In addition, the construction of hydrogen refueling stations is almost equivalent to starting from scratch, with many challenges. Let’s see how long it will take for the number of more than 300 hydrogen refueling stations in the world to increase to 1,000!

　　4 challenges for solid-state lithium electric vehicles

　　By replacing the lithium hexafluorophosphate-based electrolyte in the current lithium-ion power battery with a solid electrolyte, the cruising range, safety and environmental friendliness of the corresponding vehicle can be further improved. It can be said that solid-state lithium electric vehicles are the ultimate form of lithium electric vehicles using traditional cathode systems. In addition to universities and research institutes, many companies in the power battery vehicle industry chain have invested huge efforts in research and development of relevant technologies.

　　At present, the technological maturity of solid-state lithium batteries is higher than that of aluminum-air and lithium-sulfur batteries, but it is still lagging behind compared to fuel cells.

　　Compared with existing lithium electric vehicles, the cruising range of solid-state lithium electric vehicles is expected to be greatly improved. Although it may not be as good as traditional fuel vehicles, it can greatly alleviate the problem of range anxiety. Because there are shortcomings in rate performance, the charging time of solid-state lithium electric vehicles is long.

　　The solution may include the aforementioned power distribution network and pricing mechanism, charging and swapping coordination system, etc., so it will not bring too much additional infrastructure burden (compared to large-scale lithium electric vehicle applications). In addition, the use of power-type conventional lithium batteries and high-energy-density solid-state lithium batteries together can also build a "plug-in hybrid" system for lithium electric vehicles.

　　Of course, the impact of the fast charging demand of power lithium batteries on the current power system (when the total scale is large and charging is disordered) must be taken seriously.

　　In order to realize the popularization and application of solid-state CR2450 battery technology, issues such as the behavior of the "electrolyte-electrode" solid-state interface, improvement of rate performance in non-high-temperature environments, and performance repeatability of different batches of batteries need to be solved. It is true that solutions are full of challenges, but challenges also mean better possibilities.

　　5 forward-looking and progressive lithium electric vehicles

　　Starting from the future, we head back towards reality little by little.

　　Adjust the positive and negative electrodes of current lithium-ion batteries to high specific volumes such as high-nickel ternary materials and silicon-carbon composite materials while ensuring safety, optimize battery specifications, gradually establish a battery recycling system, and combine the vehicle platform with We can see that lithium electric vehicles have made considerable progress due to multiple forward-looking factors such as battery-based redesign and vehicle body lightweighting, as well as vigorous construction of smart infrastructure for transmission, distribution, charging and swapping.

　　Perhaps the current lithium electric vehicles still have many problems such as range anxiety, but with the continuous improvement of infrastructure, the anxiety of car owners can be relieved to a considerable extent; perhaps the current lithium electric vehicles will be replaced with new ones within ten years, but in ten years It is also considered an acceptable period; perhaps the current lithium electric vehicles are still suffering from controversy over resource recycling and environmental protection, but it can at least make it affordable for most people, and can be used with peace of mind.

　　Taken together, the industry will face a reshuffle in the next ten years. After the reshuffle, the surviving CR2450 battery companies will ascend to the technological high ground within sight, allowing the CR2450 battery vehicle industry to mature, and expand the number of new energy vehicles in China and even the world to a foreseeable proportion.

　　6Realistic conventional lithium electric vehicles

　　Right in front of you, right now.

　　The lack of a dedicated electric vehicle platform, mileage anxiety especially in winter, still insufficient infrastructure, endless incidents of "fraudulent subsidy", the pain after the subsidy is withdrawn, and the research on tiered utilization and resource recovery that has yet to be demonstrated... these are all This is a problem that conventional CR2450 battery vehicles are facing.

　　It may be the second car of a well-off family, or it may be a helpless choice after the lottery failed.

　　It may be the best choice for many big cities to reduce pollution, but it is also burdened with the reputation of "coming from coal" and "transferring pollution".

　　It really fulfills the emerging industry expectations of "overtaking on corners" and improving environmental conditions. It also has many shortcomings in performance, insufficient cruising range, and especially the fact that the recycling system has not yet been established.

　　There are too many areas for improvement, but we should always believe that the road is at our feet, and the feet are longer than the road.

　　Conclusion

　　What awaits us in the future may be a dream era - aluminum-air battery vehicles and lithium-sulfur battery vehicles can be widely popularized, the application of renewable energy in the transportation system forms a true closed loop, and fuel vehicles are completely eliminated; also Maybe it will be an era where the three major technologies of solid-state CR2450 battery, fuel cell and hybrid power are competing for hegemony; or maybe it will be a bad era - the mileage anxiety of CR2450 battery vehicles is still there, and people are complaining about the high oil prices and the cost of recycling power batteries. problem……

　　The future depends on our choices, but no matter what, we should not stop in the era of fuel vehicles.

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