Lithium battery charging and discharging

　　1. Charging of lithium batteries: According to the structural characteristics of lithium batteries, the maximum charging termination voltage should be 4.2V, and overcharging is not allowed, otherwise the battery will be scrapped due to the removal of too much lithium ions from the positive electrode. Its charging and discharging requirements are high, and dedicated constant current and constant voltage chargers can be used for charging. Usually, constant current charging is switched to constant voltage charging after reaching 4.2V/kWh. When the constant voltage charging current drops to within 100mA, charging should be stopped.

　　Charging current (mA)=0.1~1.5 times the battery capacity (such as a 1350mAh battery, its charging current can be controlled between 135~2025mA). The conventional charging current can be selected at around 0.5 times the battery capacity, and the charging time is about 2-3 hours.

　　2. Discharge of lithium batteries: Due to the internal structure of lithium batteries, during discharge, lithium ions cannot all move towards the positive electrode, and a portion of lithium ions must be retained at the negative electrode to ensure smooth insertion of lithium ions into the channel during the next charge. Otherwise, the battery life will be correspondingly shortened. In order to ensure that there are some lithium ions left in the graphite layer after discharge, it is necessary to strictly limit the minimum voltage for discharge termination, which means that lithium batteries cannot be over discharged. The discharge termination voltage is usually 3.0V/knot, and the minimum cannot be lower than 2.5V/knot. The length of battery discharge time is related to battery capacity and discharge current. Battery discharge time (hours)=battery capacity/discharge current. The discharge current (mA) of lithium batteries should not exceed three times the battery capacity. If a 1000mAH battery is used, the discharge current should be strictly controlled within 3A, otherwise the battery may be damaged.

　　At present, all lithium battery packs sold on the market are equipped with matching charging and discharging protection plates inside. As long as the external charging and discharging current is well controlled.

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