Lithium-ion batteries are currently divided into two categories: liquid lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and polymer lithium-ion batteries (PLB). Among them, the liquid lithium-ion battery refers to the secondary battery with Li + embedded compounds as positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode uses lithium compound LiCoO? Or LiMn? O? The negative electrode uses lithium-carbon interlayer compound. Lithium-ion battery due to high operating voltage, small size, light weight, high energy, no memory effect, no pollution, small self-discharge, long cycle life, is the ideal energy for the development of the 21st century.

　　In 1992, Sony successfully developed lithium-ion batteries. Its practical, so that people's mobile phones, laptops and other portable electronic equipment weight and volume greatly reduced. The use time is greatly extended. Because lithium-ion batteries do not contain the heavy metal cadmium, compared with nickel-cadmium batteries, the pollution to the environment is greatly reduced.

　　Lithium batteries usually come in two shapes: cylindrical and square. The inside of the battery adopts a spiral wound structure, with a very fine and highly permeable polyethylene film isolation material between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode consists of lithium cobaltate (or lithium nickel-cobalt manganate, lithium manganate, lithium ferrous phosphate, etc.)

　　And a current collector composed of aluminum foil. The negative electrode consists of a current collector composed of graphitized carbon material and copper foil. The battery is filled with an organic electrolyte solution. In addition, there are safety valves and PTC elements (partly cylindrical) to protect the battery from damage in abnormal conditions and output short circuits.

　　The voltage of a single lithium battery is 3.7V (lithium ferrous phosphate positive electrode is 3.2V), and the battery capacity can not be infinite, so the single lithium battery is often processed in series and parallel to meet the requirements of different occasions.

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