Analysis on the application of CR2032 button cell energy storage technology in wind power

　　Analysis on the application of CR2032 button cell energy storage technology in wind power

　　1 Introduction

　　The power system is a dynamic balance system, and power generation, transmission, transformation and distribution must always be balanced. Wind energy is an intermittent energy source, and there are certain errors in wind speed prediction. Therefore, wind farms cannot provide continuous and stable power, and power generation stability and continuity are poor. In traditional power systems, any dynamic unbalanced power caused by small disturbances will lead to oscillations between units. The combination of large-capacity energy storage systems and wind turbines can effectively suppress or alleviate the volatility of wind power and reduce the impact of wind power on the power grid. . As long as the capacity of the energy storage device is large enough and the response speed is fast enough, the system power can be completely balanced under any circumstances. This is an idea of actively stabilizing the power system [1]. Since this stability control device related to energy storage technology does not have to interact with the excitation system of the generator, it can be conveniently used in the most effective part of the system to suppress oscillations. At the same time, because the control amount generated by this stable control device can directly act on the source of system oscillation, the unbalanced power can be accurately compensated, and the impact of changes in the system's operating status on the control effect of the control device can be less or even ignored. Therefore, it is very easy to adjust the parameters of the device, and the robustness to changes in the system operating status is also very good.

　　2 Current development status of battery energy storage technology at home and abroad

　　In recent years, developed countries such as Japan, the United States, and Europe have invested heavily in battery energy storage technology and are leading the way. Japan is at the forefront of the world in the research and application of sodium-sulfur batteries. NGKINSULATORS has received an order for a 300MW NAS battery system and central monitoring system from the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority in the United Arab Emirates. In 2009, Panasonic and Panasonic Electric worked with the Danish power company SEAS-NVE to launch an empirical experiment aimed at realizing smart grids. In 2010, Toshiba announced that it had received an order from Okinawa Electric Power for equipment related to the outlying island microgrid system demonstration test to be started in Miyakojima in the fall of 2010. Toshiba will build a next-generation power system that uses batteries to balance renewable energy loads with drastic power fluctuations.

　　Sanyo Electric has also introduced 1.5MWh lithium-ion batteries in its Western Canada Green Energy Park, and other manufacturers are also actively participating in battery energy storage projects.

　　In Europe and the United States, in 2001, Canada's VRB Power Systems built a 250kW all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery demonstration system in South Africa, realizing the commercial operation of all-vanadium redox flow energy storage batteries. The all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery built by VRB Power Systems for Australia's Hydro Tasmania on King Island to support wind power generation was completed in November 2003. The system has an energy storage capacity of 800kWh and an output power of 250kW. In February 2004, VRB Power Systems built an all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery system with an output power of 250kW and an energy storage capacity of 2MWh for Castle Valley and Utah Pacific Corp. At the end of 2006, the company began to build for Ireland the world's largest all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery system with a rated output power of 2MW (pulse output power of 3MW) and an energy storage capacity of 12MWh. The United States has used the technology of Japan's Sumitomo Electric Industries and VRB Power Systems to establish 2MW and 6MW all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery demonstration operation systems respectively.

　　The British company Innogy started building the first commercial-scale power generation and energy storage peaking demonstration power plant in August 2000. It is equipped with a 680MW gas turbine power plant. The energy storage system has an energy storage capacity of 120MWh, which can meet the needs of 10,000 households. days of electricity demand.

　　German EVONIK Industrial AG announced that it will join forces with Daimler Automobile Company and other research and development institutions to jointly develop large-capacity, low-cost storage lithium-ion battery power stations suitable for wind and solar power generation. It plans to build a power station in the Saarland in western Germany with a power of 1MW energy storage device.

　　In terms of large-scale battery energy storage device technology, our country started late, and there is still a big gap with developed countries abroad. This is mainly reflected in: first, the equipment capacity is still small); second, the equipment has a short life and low utilization efficiency; third The reason is that the intelligence level of the equipment is weak. In terms of energy storage applications, my country is also far behind the advanced level abroad. Dozens of energy storage power stations have been put into operation abroad, but there is no demonstration project of CR2032 button cell energy storage devices in operation in China.

　　At present, the application scale of battery energy storage in my country is still small, but with the adjustment of national energy policies and the gradual implementation of energy conservation and environmental protection policies, its application scale is expected to gradually expand. Shanghai Electric Power Company has built three energy storage demonstration power stations including Caoxi Station, Qianwei Station, and Baiyin Station. The power dispatch center can directly implement unified dispatching and remote monitoring of energy storage stations distributed throughout the power grid through the power grid energy storage management system. BYD has built a 1MW (4MWh) energy storage power station in Longgang, Shenzhen.

　　Xinyuan Holdings Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of State Grid, and Zhangbei County, Zhangjiakou City, have developed and constructed the country's first comprehensive demonstration project of wind, solar and energy storage. The total scale of the project is 500MW of wind power, 100MW of photovoltaics, and 70MW of energy storage. The Zhangbei wind and solar storage project is the world's largest wind, solar and storage trinity demonstration project, but it has not yet been put into operation. The first phase of project design has been completed and the first phase of construction is underway.

　　3 Rapidly developing wind power requires energy storage technology

　　As a clean and renewable energy, wind energy has attracted more and more attention from countries around the world. China's wind energy reserves are large and widely distributed. The wind energy reserves on land alone are about 253 million kW. In recent years, China's grid-connected wind power has developed rapidly. By the end of 2007, the country's cumulative installed capacity was approximately 6 million kW. In December 2008, China's total installed wind power capacity exceeded 10 million kW, ranking fifth in the world. As of mid-March 2011, my country's cumulative installed wind power capacity reached 44.5 million kW, ranking first in the world in scale of wind power construction. This also means that China has entered the ranks of major renewable energy countries. The development prospects of China's wind power and other new energy power generation industries are very broad. It is expected to maintain rapid development for a long time to come. At the same time, profitability will also steadily increase as the technology gradually matures.

　　While the scale of wind power under construction in my country ranks first in the world, the problem of wind power grid connection has always restricted the healthy development of wind power in my country. Data shows that my country's wind power installed capacity has been connected to the grid for a total of 31.07 million kW, but nearly 30% of wind power is still not connected to the grid. This is due to the random and intermittent characteristics of wind energy, which causes the output of wind turbines to fluctuate frequently, thus affecting the output reliability of wind farms. Even worse, an excessive proportion of wind power will increase the pressure on frequency regulation and peak regulation on the power grid, and the technical requirements and operating costs of long-distance power transmission will increase sharply. Therefore, the large-scale grid connection of wind farms has

　　The operation of the power system also brings some new problems:

　　1) The randomness and uncontrollability of wind power bring new challenges to power system planning and stable operation)

　　2) The fluctuation characteristics of wind power power are difficult to be consistent with the fluctuation characteristics of the grid load, which makes the peak regulation problem of the power grid more prominent and puts forward higher requirements for peak regulation capacity and response speed)

　　3) Due to changes in wind speed, wind turbines can easily cause grid voltage and power fluctuations, as well as reactive voltage control and power quality problems caused by them.

　　The contradiction between the intermittency and volatility of wind power and the need for real-time balance of the power system makes the fluctuation of grid-connected wind power need to be balanced through the regulation of conventional power sources and energy storage systems, which has become a major problem that has long plagued wind power grid connection. Due to geographical limitations, water storage energy storage power stations are not universally available. Therefore, the introduction of universally applicable CR2032 button cell energy storage devices and wind farms are needed to compensate for the various impacts of wind power fluctuations on the power grid. is a suitable technology choice [8]. Through the coordination of the energy storage system and the wind power system, it not only effectively reduces the impact and impact of wind power on the system, improves the consistency of wind power output and prediction, and ensures the reliability of power supply, but also reduces the reserve capacity of the power system and improves power The economy of system operation is improved, while the ability of the power system to accept wind power is improved.

　　4 Domestic and foreign requirements for wind power grid integration

　　More and more large and medium-sized wind farms have been built and put into operation. As the proportion of wind power gradually increases, the power fluctuations of wind farms will affect the power quality of the local power grid, causing voltage fluctuations and flickers. It will have a significant impact on the local power grid, and in severe cases, it will cause serious accidents [9, 10].

　　The technical regulations for grid connection of wind farms in various countries have put forward requirements for the change of active power of wind farms, such as:

　　1) Eltra and Eltra (amp) Elkraft require that the lmin output power change of the grid-connected wind farm is less than or equal to 5% of the maximum power of the wind farm. The wind farm can ensure that the power change rate of the wind farm is reduced to less than 20% of the rated power within 2 seconds through the control system. Eltra (amp) Elkraf requires that the power change rate of the wind farm per minute is adjustable within 10% to 100%)

　　2) E.ON and ESBNG require the wind farm output power to be less than its registered capacity at any time. E.ON requires that the power reduction per minute should account for at least 10% of the rated capacity. ESBNG requires that the 15-minute power change is related to the scale of the wind farm. The power change per minute of a wind farm less than 100MW is less than 5%. The power per minute of a wind farm less than 200MW The change is less than 4% of the rated capacity, and the power change per minute of a wind farm larger than 200MW is less than 2% of the rated capacity)

　　3) Scotland’s grid connection technical regulations require that the output power of wind farms can exceed the rated power within a reasonable period of time)

　　4) The State Grid Corporation of China stipulates the power change rate of wind farms in 1 minute and 10 minutes. The change rate is related to the installed capacity of the wind farm. For example, the maximum change amount in 10 minutes for a wind farm less than 30MW is 20MW, and the maximum change amount in 1 minute is 6MW)

　　5) Scottish requires that the start and stop of wind farms must meet the requirements of voltage quality. Scottish also requires that the start and stop of wind farms meet the requirements of maximum power change, and no more than 25% of the rated capacity can be tripped and phased out within 30 minutes. .

　　5 The stabilizing effect of CR2032 button cell energy storage technology on wind power

　　Obviously, the most important means of regulating active power is energy storage. High-power and large-capacity energy storage systems can smooth the volatility and intermittency of wind power. When the capacity of the energy storage system reaches a certain scale, combining the energy storage system with wind turbines can effectively suppress or alleviate the volatility of wind power and reduce the impact of wind power on the power grid [11, 12]. CR2032 button cell energy storage technology can achieve the following functions in wind power grid connection:

　　1) Smooth unit output: Combining the battery energy storage system with wind turbines to smooth the wind farm output under rapid wind speed disturbances, reduce the impact of wind farm output fluctuations on the power grid, and reduce the impact of wind power fluctuations on the power grid.

　　2) Improve the consistency between wind power output and prediction: use energy storage as a cooperation to adjust the output, optimize the output according to the predicted output curve of the wind farm, and improve the credibility of wind power output.

　　3) Improve dispatching capabilities: The use of energy storage systems can control the active power and reactive power output by wind power generation for power peak regulation, allowing the wind power generation unit to operate as a dispatching unit, and has the ability to provide frequency control and rapid operation to the power system. Ability to provide ancillary services such as power response.

　　4) Peak shifting: The use of high-power and large-capacity energy storage systems can collect unstable wind power and release it smoothly at the appropriate time, shifting the peak value and reducing the impact on the power grid)

　　5) Ensure the continuous and reliable power supply of the wind power generation system: When environmental factors or external conditions change rapidly and the wind power generation system cannot output electric energy stably, the energy stored in the energy storage system can produce a certain amount of energy and power support to ensure the power supply. The load is powered continuously and stably.

　　6) System operation reliability and redundancy are greatly improved: the parallel group control operation of multiple grid-connected inverters with smaller capacity allows the system to start different numbers of grid-connected inverters according to the characteristics of various new energy power generation The controller is controlled, so that the power generation efficiency of the system can be optimized, and the reliability and redundancy of the system will be greatly improved.

　　7) Make wind power generation dispatchable: Pure new energy power generation systems are greatly affected by environmental factors, so specific power generation plans cannot be formulated. If an energy storage device is configured, the required electric energy can be provided at a specific time, regardless of the power generated by the power generation unit at this time. The new energy power generation system can be connected to the power grid to feed power to the power grid and provide peak shaving. , emergency power support and other services.

　　Just follow the pre-made power generation plan to generate electricity. The larger the capacity of the energy storage device, the freer the system scheduling, and the more economic benefits can be obtained, but the greater the investment required. The key is to find the best economic balance point.

　　6 Conclusion

　　This article reviews the development status of energy storage technology at home and abroad, analyzes the problems faced by China's wind power in the rapid development, and proposes the application prospects of CR2032 button cell energy storage technology in wind power systems. Research results at home and abroad show that CR2032 button cell energy storage technology provides energy storage functions with a wide time range, which provides new ideas and effective solutions to solve the problem of wind power grid integration, improve the stability of the power system, and improve the quality of power supply. Technical Support. Therefore, countries around the world, especially developed countries, are actively conducting research in this area. We should make full use of my country's abundant wind resources and the good opportunities of power system reform. Actively carry out research in this field to provide new technical support for the safe and efficient operation of my country's power system. CR2032 button cell energy storage technology plays an increasingly important role in clean energy power generation. The market potential is huge and it has increasingly important economic and social value.

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