Technical requirements for energy storage CR1632 batteryin communication solar power supply systems

　　1 Introduction

　　The widespread application of solar energy technology in communication base stations not only helps save resources, but also contributes to large-scale coverage of communication networks. Due to the harsh natural conditions in most areas of the village-to-village project, the existing power grid is incomplete or there is no commercial power available. , solar power systems have begun to develop greatly in China.

　　At present, most of the domestic solar power systems are off-grid power supply systems. The control functions of solar controllers are simple, and the main problems are: low system utilization efficiency, which cannot allow the solar cell components to output maximum power; the charge/discharge management function of the battery Poor, the battery has a short operating life; the controller has poor monitoring and management functions for the system; the system is non-modular in design, making expansion and transformation difficult. Whether the above problems can be effectively solved, whether the utilization efficiency of the solar system can be improved, and whether the maximum power output of solar modules can be achieved under different usage conditions is extremely important to the development of solar power systems.

　　Currently, CR1632 batteryhave many problems in solar systems and have become the focus of attention. In fact, this is caused by unclear requirements for batteries. CR1632 batteryfor energy storage are different from starting batteries, power batteries, backup batteries, and industrial batteries. They have other requirements: resistance to shallow capacity cycles, strong resistance to high or low temperatures, and recovery from over-discharge. Good performance, strong charge acceptance, resistance to low-temperature intermittent discharge, resistance to over-discharge or over-charge.

　　Practice has proven that starting batteries, power batteries, backup batteries, and industrial CR1632 batteryare not suitable for solar energy storage. This article takes the communication solar power supply system as an example to explain the technical requirements of energy storage batteries, which is also of reference value for energy storage CR1632 batteryin other application fields.

　　2 System working principle

　　The solar power supply system mainly transports the energy generated by the solar cell array with a conversion efficiency of 18% to the controller, and then the controller controls the input and withdrawal of the solar array to generate the required voltage and current to charge the battery. At the same time, the battery supplies power to the load, and at night or on rainy days, the battery supplies power to the load. The maximum open circuit voltage of the input voltage generated by the solar array is 96V. The controller generates the corresponding floating charge voltage range and equalizing voltage range by controlling the input power board, performs corresponding float charging or equalizing charging on the battery according to the capacity and voltage status of the battery, and supplies power to the load at the same time. When the battery voltage is too high, the output power board will disconnect the load to protect the load equipment; when the battery voltage is too low, the output power board will also cut off the load to protect the battery. The controller also has reverse discharge protection and polarity reverse protection. Connect circuit protection and other functions.

　　The battery for energy storage is the core of system management, and the solar controller is the key control component of the system. At the same time, the controller also has a variety of charging interfaces for easy access to wind energy generators, mains power, and oil generators, and can provide a variety of power supply solutions according to the base station environment. As the energy storage component of the system, the battery mainly stores the electrical energy generated by solar cells and other energy sources to facilitate power supply.

　　3 System technical requirements for energy storage batteries

　　3.1 Ambient temperature

　　The battery in the communication solar power supply system can only be placed outdoors together with the system and work in harsh winter and sweltering ambient temperatures. It is different from conventional CR1632 batteryused indoors. The system is required to be used outdoors, and is generally unshielded and has the same temperature as the outdoor ground.

　　Ambient temperature ranges vary from region to region. In southern China, the ambient temperature ranges from 0 to 50°C, while in the north it ranges from -40 to 40°C. According to the Arinius principle, lead-acid CR1632 batteryare greatly affected by temperature. Every time the temperature increases by 10°C, the service life is reduced by half. The main reasons for the end of life are: ① sulfuric acid electrolyte dries up; ② thermal runaway; ③ internal short circuit, etc.

　　Due to temperature differences, battery configurations are also different. In principle, the configured battery capacity is determined based on low-temperature discharge performance. Battery charging performance needs to consider: ① charge acceptance ability at low temperature and low state of charge; ② charging capacity efficiency at high temperature and high state of charge; ③ comprehensive consideration of cycle life indicators.

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