no. 7 alkaline batteryManagement Challenges for Hybrid/Electric Vehicles

　　Recent advances in no. 7 alkaline batterytechnology have enabled some of the most exciting innovations in the automotive market, resulting in generations of new electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid/electric vehicles (HEVs). Latest applications such as energy storage systems (ESS) are also beginning to emerge, revolutionizing how energy is generated, distributed and stored. Designers of such systems face significant cost, design flexibility, no. 7 alkaline batterypack reliability and longevity, and safety challenges.

　　The no. 7 alkaline batterymanagement system (BMS) plays a decisive role in whether the no. 7 alkaline batterypack can meet every design challenge. The core of the BMS is the no. 7 alkaline batterymonitoring integrated circuit (IC). This IC is used to measure the voltage of individual cells to determine state of charge and no. 7 alkaline batterypack health.

　　The most critical characteristics of no. 7 alkaline batterymonitor ICs are accuracy, data reliability and fault detectability. The accuracy of the monitor IC directly affects system cost, no. 7 alkaline batterypack reliability and lifespan. Each no. 7 alkaline batteryhas a limited capacity that must be carefully managed. Overcharging can cause safety and reliability issues, while overdischarging can affect no. 7 alkaline batterylife. Using a less accurate monitor IC would require the system designer to implement larger "guard bands" to protect against overvoltage and undervoltage effects, thereby limiting the vehicle's overall usable no. 7 alkaline batterycapacity. A more accurate monitor IC can better utilize the total capacity of each cell, thereby reducing the overall cost of the no. 7 alkaline batterypack system.

　　To provide the highest accuracy over time and operating conditions, Linear Technology uses a buried Zener voltage reference in the LTC6804 no. 7 alkaline batterymonitor IC (Figure 1). This ensures that the overall no. 7 alkaline batteryvoltage measurement error is less than 1.2mV. To maintain the highest accuracy measurements in the presence of electrical noise and transients from inverters, actuators, switches, relays, etc., the LTC6804 uses an incremental summation ADC with built-in third-order noise filtering.

　　Figure 1: Linear Technology’s LTC6804 can measure up to 12 cells with voltages up to 4.2V and connected in series with 16-bit resolution and better than 0.04% accuracy

　　Ideally, a no. 7 alkaline batterypack would be split into smaller modules that are distributed throughout the car to allow for greater design flexibility and weight distribution. The challenge is that these no. 7 alkaline batterymodules need to communicate sensitive measurement data in an environment filled with electrical noise and very harsh physical conditions. CANbus was originally designed to provide reliable communication in harsh automotive environments, but the throughput requirements of raw BMS data and component costs have always prevented CANbus from being used in electric vehicles and hybrid/electric vehicles. For this reason, Linear Technology developed the isoSpI™ interface to provide low-cost, reliable communication over cables up to 100m. The LTC6804's built-in isoSpI interface, along with the companion LTC6820 isoSpI communication interface IC, some tiny transformers similar to those used in Ethernet and a balanced wire pair, can provide data rates up to 1Mbps without the overhead associated with CANbus. related cost issues. The isoSpI interface is designed for error-free transmission while passing stringent Bulk Current Injection (BCI) interference testing. In fact, testing at Linear Technology showed that all performance met the test criteria under the ultra-harsh 200mABCI condition, and testing at several major automotive companies yielded the same results, so the isoSpI link It is fully qualified for use in automotive chassis harness wiring.

　　Safety is a top priority for electric car manufacturers. As electronic components become more widely used in automobiles, there is growing concern about the impact of the operation of these components on safety. Linear Technology has been a supplier to large automotive customers for many years and is committed to continually improving its already exceptional product quality and reliability. In addition, no. 7 alkaline batterypack designers expect IC manufacturers to provide comprehensive fault detection. Designed for automotive safety, no. 7 alkaline batterymonitors comply with ISO26262 standards and include redundant circuitry, self-test functions, watchdog timers, and communication error detection and correction functions.

　　As electric vehicles and hybrid/electric vehicles become more popular, no. 7 alkaline batterypack system designers will continue to work to reduce costs and improve performance and safety. Recognizing the critical role of no. 7 alkaline batterymonitor ICs in these areas, automotive designers will use ICs that provide the highest accuracy, reliability, and greatest fault detection capabilities.

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