Does fast charging accelerate the aging of 1.5v Button batterys?

　　Recently, iPhone8/8P/X was released, finally adding the much-anticipated fast charging function. Compared with domestic mobile phones that have implemented fast charging early, it is many years later. So, two days ago, I gave my girlfriend a new mobile phone charger, but she got very angry and yelled at me: "Fast charging will damage the battery! Do you want to buy me a new mobile phone?" Apparently this sentence was meant. Lack of understanding of fast charging technology. In order to allow everyone to understand this matter thoroughly, Qiuzhen Lab has done enough homework to teach everyone a lesson to understand what causes accelerated aging of batteries and to resolve this misunderstanding.

　　The principle of fast charging is actually very simple

　　Nowadays, the battery capacity of mobile phones is generally more than two to three thousand mAh. Using a traditional 5V/1A charger, it takes at least three hours to fully charge a battery. It takes more than an hour to fully charge a Nokia mobile phone in the past, which is much longer. As battery capacity increases, the power of the original charger cannot meet the charging needs, so fast charging technology appears.

　　All major mobile phone manufacturers have launched their own fast charging technology. The principle is to increase the charging current and voltage to achieve high-power charging. Simply put, the input power of the charging port = input voltage x input current. Generally, mobile phone chargers will have a charging curve that controls different voltages and currents to achieve the highest charging efficiency. Generally speaking, the most efficient way is to start with constant current charging (charging faster), then constant voltage charging (charging speed slows down because the voltage of the battery itself increases), and finally trickle charging (charging when fully charged) Finally, the capacity loss caused by self-discharge is compensated).

　　Most mobile phones now use Qualcomm QuickCharge charging technology, from the original 1.0 standard to the latest 4.0 standard. The higher the standard, the higher the charging efficiency. QC1.0 breaks through the USB-IF protocol on USBBatteryCharge1.2, increasing the voltage and current to 5V2A and shortening the charging time by 40%. The real improvement in fast charging started with QC2.0. Through the handshake protocol, the charger and the mobile phone recognize each other. After the handshake, the transmission voltage is increased to a maximum of 20V. Although the current remains unchanged, the charging efficiency is improved by nearly 75%.

　　QC3.0 is based on 2.0 and introduces the optimal voltage intelligent protocol (INOV) algorithm to accurately control the charging voltage. The input voltage reaches 200mV adaptive adjustment, and the performance is improved by nearly 38% while reducing the The loss is eliminated. At this time, with the controllable voltage, the current is increased to 3A. Currently, mainstream fast-charging mobile phones use the QC2.0 and QC3.0 standards. When it comes to QC4.0, it is a more precise intelligent adjustment of the control voltage, with an accuracy of 20mV. The charging current and voltage have also become more flexible, with constant 3A or non-constant 4.7A-5.6A, and the voltage does not need to reach 20V is so high, and intelligent regulation is carried out between 5V and 9V, which ultimately increases the speed by nearly 20% and the efficiency by nearly 30%.

　　The main reason why fast charging technology requires more precise current and voltage control is to obtain a more extreme charging curve. In the early stage of charging, high-power charging allows users to obtain the maximum electric energy in the shortest time, leaving the remaining uncharged The battery capacity is charged by gradually slowing down to protect the battery and circuit.

　　The mechanism of battery aging

　　Most of the batteries used in mobile phones are. What we call battery aging refers to the attenuation and aging of lithium-ion batteries in daily use. Why does aging occur? Let me first give you a general introduction to the working principle: Lithium ions can travel through the electrolyte at the anode and cathode, thereby generating an electric current that powers the device. The so-called battery capacity can be simply understood as the number of lithium ions running back and forth in the battery (during charging and discharging).

　　The materials that make up battery electrodes often break down, allowing certain metal ions (specifically manganese ions) to float freely and travel to the opposite electrode, trapping lithium ions. When manganese ions (gray above) are stripped from the battery's cathode (blue area), they react with the electrolyte near the battery's anode (gold area) and capture lithium ions (green-yellow above). As time goes by, more and more lithium ions cannot be put into normal operation (are locked), and the battery capacity gradually decreases, resulting in a decrease in battery life.

　　Why does it age?

　　1. Overcharge and overdischarge

　　There are many reasons for battery aging. The first is natural aging. Even in normal use, lithium ions will separate from the anode on their own and gradually age, but at a slower rate; in daily use, overcharging and over-discharging of the battery will accelerate aging. Today's mobile phones usually have a rectifier and voltage stabilizing design. When the charge is full, the charger will disconnect the charging circuit and directly use the power cord to power the mobile phone. If you do not use the original charger, it is very likely that the power will not be cut off in time and the fully charged battery will continue to be charged. It will accelerate the shedding of lithium ions, damage the battery, and cause battery aging; when the battery is exhausted, the freely moving ions will be trapped, which will also consume the battery capacity.

　　2. Temperature too high/low

　　In addition to overcharging and over-discharging, battery temperature that is too high or too low will also affect battery life. Frequent discharge of the battery will generate heat, which may cause the battery temperature to be too high during actual use. Therefore, when we play large games or run other power-consuming programs, we need to pay attention to heat dissipation and control the program running time. Similarly, when the temperature is too low, the activity of lithium ions is reduced, and the battery performance and charging performance are also greatly reduced. If charging is forced, the battery life will also be affected. Therefore, in severe cold environments, mobile phones, laptops, drones and other devices need to preheat the battery to reach a certain temperature before they can work properly.

　　3. Current is too high

　　In addition, the charging current will also affect the life of the battery. When the battery is being charged, the current is too high, which will cause serious damage to the battery, and may even cause short circuits, explosions, combustion, etc., which are common in original products from manufacturers. The charging protection circuit controls excessive battery charging current. If some copycat chargers and universal chargers do not add a protection mechanism, the consequences will be very serious.

　　Will fast charging accelerate battery aging? The answer is no

　　As mentioned above, fast charging actually increases the power of the charger and increases the current and voltage. Therefore, if it is not regulated, it will cause the battery to age. However, except for the oldest QC1.0 standard, new versions of fast charging technology can achieve higher voltage fast charging modes through handshake protocols. For some mobile phones that do not support fast charging technology, even if a fast charging charger is used, the charger will automatically reduce the charging efficiency to avoid accidents.

　　After we understand the principle of fast charging, from a technical perspective, fast charging only increases the input voltage during charging. Generally, the maximum current of battery charging will be controlled within 6A. QC4.0 maximizes the control of voltage and current. , but it is also done within a safe range and will not cause damage to the battery.

　　Generally speaking, the current fast charging technology of mobile phones will not accelerate the aging of the battery. On the contrary, the most fundamental cause of accelerated battery aging is our bad charging habits.

　　Bad charging habits you must know

　　When it comes to bad charging habits, it must be inseparable from the reasons for battery aging mentioned above. First of all, use the original charger and charging cable to avoid charging accidents caused by poor quality chargers. Problems such as unstable charging current are often caused by the quality of the equipment you use not being good enough.

　　Frequent charging can also easily accelerate the consumption of battery life, and even lead to problems such as reduced battery activity and shortened battery life. Especially after the addition of fast charging technology, although the charging speed is very fast in the early stage, unplugging the battery before it is fully charged to 100% will cause multiple charging and increase the number of battery cycles. Long-term use will reduce the battery life. activity, thereby accelerating the aging of the battery. Just like pouring beer, the faster you pour it, the bigger the foam will be. A beer that is "full of foam" is not really full. The same goes for charging. Slow charging in the second half of fast charging is more important. So even if you use fast charging, try to keep the phone fully charged before cutting off the power.

　　In addition, the high and low temperatures of the battery can also cause great damage to the charging of mobile phones. In daily environment, playing games and charging at the same time often causes the temperature of the phone to rise rapidly. The high temperature environment accelerates the chemical reaction inside the battery, thus accelerating the aging of the battery. Therefore, if you want the battery to last longer, it is best not to use it while charging. At the same time, in extreme environments, it is best to let the phone return to normal temperature before charging.

　　Fast charging brings convenience to our lives and improves our quality of life. We should not resist it. Only by understanding the truth and getting rid of bad habits when using it can you enjoy life better.

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