battery 18650 rechargeable equalization charging method and equalization charging precautions

　　battery 18650 rechargeable equalization charging method and equalization charging precautions. Balance is a key technology to solve the differences of battery cells. Electric vehicles can be divided into charging stage and discharge and idle stage according to their usage status. According to the different work characteristics of the two stages, different balancing strategies are formulated. The purpose of balancing in the charging stage is to ensure that all cells are fully charged and to avoid inconsistent battery power. This article introduces the equalizing charging method of battery 18650 rechargeable and the precautions for equalizing charging.

　　battery 18650 rechargeable equalization charging method

　　Commonly used balancing charging technologies include constant shunt resistor balancing charging, on-off shunt resistor balancing charging, average battery voltage balancing charging, switched capacitor balancing charging, buck converter balancing charging, inductor balancing charging, etc. When charging a group of lithium batteries in series, each battery should be charged evenly, otherwise the performance and life of the entire battery group will be affected during use. However, the existing single-cell lithium battery protection chips do not contain the balanced charge control function. The balanced charge control function of the multi-cell lithium battery protection chip requires an external CPU; it is realized through serial communication with the protection chip (such as I2C bus), which increases the cost. This increases the complexity and design difficulty of the protection circuit, reduces the efficiency and reliability of the system, and increases power consumption.

　　For the use of power lithium batteries in groups, each lithium battery requires protection from charging overvoltage, discharge undervoltage, overcurrent, and short circuit. During the charging process, the problem of balanced charging of the entire group of batteries is introduced. A method using a single lithium battery is introduced. The battery protection chip is designed to protect any number of series-connected lithium batteries in a battery pack protection board with a balanced charging function. Simulation results and industrial production applications prove that the protection board has perfect protection functions, stable operation, high cost performance, and the balanced charging error is less than 50mV.

　　1. Attach a parallel balancing circuit to each single cell of the battery 18650 rechargeable to achieve a shunt function. In this mode, when a battery reaches full charge first, the balancing device prevents it from overcharging and converts the excess energy into heat to continue charging the under-charged battery. This method is simple, but it will cause energy loss and is not suitable for fast charging systems.

　　2. Before charging, discharge each cell one by one through the same load to the same level, and then perform constant current charging to ensure a more accurate equilibrium state between each cell. However, for battery packs, due to physical differences between individuals, it is difficult for each cell to achieve completely consistent ideal effects after deep discharge. Even if the same effect is achieved after discharging, new imbalances will appear during the charging process.

　　3. Timing, sequencing, and individually detecting and evenly charging the single cells in the battery 18650 rechargeable. When charging the battery 18650 rechargeable, it can be ensured that each lithium battery in the battery pack will not be overcharged or overdischarged, thus ensuring that each battery in the battery 18650 rechargeable is in normal working condition.

　　4. Using the time-sharing principle, through the control and switching of switch components, additional current flows into the battery with a relatively low voltage to achieve the purpose of balanced charging. The method is more efficient, but the control is more complicated.

　　5. Use the voltage parameters of each battery as the balancing object to restore the voltage of each battery to be consistent. During equalization charging, the capacitor is alternately connected to two adjacent batteries through a control switch, receives charge from the high-voltage battery, and then discharges to the low-voltage battery until the voltages of the two batteries become consistent. This balancing method better solves the problem of voltage imbalance in battery 18650 rechargeables, but this method is mainly used in situations where the number of batteries is small.

　　6. The entire system is controlled by a single-chip microcomputer, and each battery has an independent set of modules. The module performs charge management on each single battery according to the set program, and automatically disconnects after charging is completed. This method is relatively simple, but it will greatly increase the cost when the number of single cells is large, and is not conducive to reducing the system volume.

　　Precautions for balanced charging

　　1. Pay attention to adjusting the charging voltage setting value at any time.

　　Things that need to be paid attention to when using balanced charging include flexible setting of voltage, usually in the early and middle stages of charging. The voltage value should be flexibly set to match the actual condition of the battery. To avoid not being able to properly digest the input current due to inaccurate settings, only correct settings can achieve normal operation.

　　2. Fully understand the faults and problems that may be encountered

　　Things you need to pay attention to when using equalizing charging also include understanding fault problems. You must know that devices of any quality level may cause faults due to improper use, and you need to master all recurring problems. Under the premise of encountering similar situations, accurate and rapid judgments can be made without delaying normal operation opportunities.

　　3. Pay attention to selecting balancing equipment that matches the current amount.

　　Things that need to be paid attention to when using balanced charging include the selection of equipment, which must be 100% consistent with the current flow. A slightly higher level can be carried, but if it is lower than the normal level, it will not be conducive to charging the equipment in a stable state. It is recommended that buyers choose a balancing device with the same amount of current to avoid such problems.

　　A single-cell lithium battery protection chip is used to design a battery pack protection board for multiple lithium batteries connected in series. In addition to completing the necessary over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current and short-circuit protection functions, it can also achieve a balanced charging function. If there is no balanced charging, the power gap will become larger and larger. Slowly accumulating, the section with the highest self-discharge becomes the shortest board in the barrel. When a lead-acid battery is trickle charged, it is almost overcharged. A full cell will generate heat, and a half-charged cell will be charged again.

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