R03 Carbon battery management solution

　　The battery management system (BMS) is a new product that was born in this century. Because the electrochemical reaction is difficult to control and the performance changes of materials during the process are elusive, such a housekeeper is needed to monitor, adjust, and limit the battery pack at all times. behavior to ensure safe use. Its main functions are:

　　1. Monitor battery status in real time. By detecting the external characteristic parameters of the battery (such as voltage, current, temperature, etc.), and using appropriate algorithms to estimate and monitor the internal state of the battery (such as capacity and SOC, etc.), this is the basis and key for the effective operation of the battery management system;

　　2. After correctly obtaining the battery status, perform thermal management, battery balancing management, charge and discharge management, fault alarm, etc.;

　　3. Establish a communication bus to exchange data with the display system, vehicle controller, charger, etc.

　　The battery management system (BMS) is mainly divided into two parts. The first part is the front-end analog measurement and protection circuit (AFE), including battery voltage conversion and measurement circuit, battery balance drive circuit, switch drive circuit, current measurement, and communication circuit; The second part is the back-end data processing module, which is based on front-end calculations such as voltage, current, temperature, etc., and sends the necessary information back to the system through the communication interface for control.

　　At present, the battery management system (BMS) product design solutions for electric vehicles are monopolized by foreign manufacturers. They all use battery management ICs provided by foreign semiconductor IC manufacturers and use their application solutions as a reference for design.

　　Maxim, Linear Technology (acquired by ADI), Intersil, TI, ADI, and NXP are the main solution providers.

　　Maxim solution

　　Maxim series products build a complete 12-cell battery monitoring solution. Maxim's battery monitors (MAX172XX and other series), battery protectors (DS277X series) and battery selectors (MAX1538) can effectively extend the battery life and ensure a safe and reliable system. Work. Its family of high-voltage devices helps enable the transition to low-carbon energy solutions by integrating advanced features that reduce the size, cost and design complexity of battery management systems. Consumers gain greater system reliability, longer battery life and faster time to market.

　　Maxim solution features:

　　1. Greatly simplifies the design of multi-cell battery packs. The device contains 12 measurement channels and uses a capacitively isolated ladder-shaped SMBus communication bus, which greatly reduces the number of components and costs. This unique architecture allows up to 31 devices to be connected to a series battery pack to monitor up to 372 cells. The capacitor-based interface provides extremely low-cost isolation between battery packs, eliminating cascading electrical failures.

　　2. With excellent performance, Maxim's high-voltage, small-size BiCMOS process has the industry's highest withstand voltage (80V) and excellent ESD protection (±2kV, human body model) and hot-swappable functions, ensuring compliance over a wide operating temperature range. AEC-Q100 standard, maintaining high reliability.

　　3. The analog front end includes a 12-channel voltage measurement data acquisition system and a set of high-voltage, fault-tolerant switch inputs. A high-speed, 12-bit ADC digitizes the tested battery voltage. Two-phase scanning technology is used to obtain battery measurement data and correct errors. This technology can measure battery voltage simultaneously and complete voltage measurement sampling of all 120 batteries within 10μs, ensuring excellent accuracy even in noisy systems. The error is less than ±0.25% over the entire battery nominal operating temperature range and less than ±20mV over the entire AEC-Q1002 class temperature range.

　　4. Can reduce power consumption by 10 times (current is 100μA in working mode) to extend battery life. The unique built-in shutdown circuit reduces power consumption to extremely low levels (leakage current is only 1μA), allowing the battery to be stored for several years without loss of battery power.

　　5. Optimized for automotive applications, the Maxim solution has internal configuration and self-diagnostic modes, which are crucial for the work of the safety monitoring system and can ensure trouble-free operation in harsh environments with magnetic fields and transient noise. Maxim uses various methods such as high current injection, stripline and in-vehicle monitoring to comprehensively test the IC to ensure reliable operation in R03 Carbon battery packs with strong transient electrical signals and magnetic field interference. The device features open-pin and short-circuit fault detection as specified by FMEA standards and is capable of handling internal circuit faults.

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