Analysis of the four major 1.5v Carbon battery technologies: lithium batteries, aluminum-air batteries, etc.

　　The initial purchase cost of lithium-ion batteries is high. Taking the current mainstream product of power batteries for buses, lithium iron phosphate batteries, as an example, the price is about 2,500 yuan/kWh. With the popularity of electric vehicles, it is expected to drop to less than 1,000 yuan/kWh in 2020. . Due to the restriction of the number of cycles of a single battery after being assembled into a group, buses usually need to replace batteries in about 3 years, which puts great pressure on operating unit costs.

　　1. Hydrogen fuel cell industry chain

　　In the hydrogen fuel cell industry chain, the upstream is the production, transportation and storage of hydrogen, and the filling of hydrogen fuel cell systems with hydrogen at hydrogenation stations; the midstream is the production of key components such as stacks, and the stacks and accessories The two parts are integrated to form a hydrogen fuel cell system; at the downstream application level, there are three main directions: transportation, portable power supply and fixed power supply.

　　2. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of power batteries

　　Currently, there are four main technical routes in terms of power sources for transportation: lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, supercapacitors and aluminum-air batteries. Among them, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen fuel cells are widely used, while aluminum-air batteries are still in the laboratory research stage. In terms of energy supply, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are suitable for pure electric vehicles, but require external charging, while hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require external hydrogen filling, and aluminum-air batteries require replenishing aluminum plates and electrolytes.

　　Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of four technical routes

　　1. Hydrogen fuel cell characteristics

　　(1) Good environmental compatibility

　　Hydrogen fuel cells provide efficient and clean energy. The water they emit is not only small, but also very clean, so there is no water pollution problem. At the same time, because the fuel cell does not need to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy like an engine, but directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy and thermal energy, it has high energy conversion efficiency and low noise.

　　(2) Good operating performance

　　Hydrogen fuel cell power generation does not require complex and bulky configuration equipment, and the battery stack can be assembled in a modular manner. For example, a 4.5MW power generation device can be composed of 460 battery modules, and its power plant occupies a much smaller area than a thermal power plant. Hydrogen fuel cells are suitable as distributed power generation devices. In addition, compared with thermal, hydropower and nuclear power generation, hydrogen fuel cell power plants have a short construction period and are easy to expand, and can be constructed in phases based on actual needs. At the same time, hydrogen fuel cells have high operating quality and excellent characteristics in responding to rapid changes in load (such as peak loads). They can convert from low power to rated power in a few seconds.

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