The concept of 48V system

　　In order to more effectively save energy, reduce emissions, and improve fuel economy, people have found a new system between the modification of the engine itself and the replacement of a new power system, which is the hybrid system. Nowadays, a gasoline-electric hybrid system is commonly used, that is, in a vehicle with a gasoline and diesel engine, an electric motor is added, and the two engines work together. The original micro-hybrid system is a belt-driven starter motor (BSG) installed on the starter motor (generally 12V) of a traditional internal combustion engine. This motor is a stop-start integrated motor to control the start of the engine. and stop, thereby canceling the idling of the engine and reducing fuel consumption and emissions. This is the so-called 12V micro-hybrid system, which has the function of automatic start and stop.

　　The 48V system is an improvement on the 12V micro-hybrid automatic start-stop system. The system voltage is 48V. It replaces the traditional lead-acid battery with a power lithium-ion battery with energy less than one kilowatt hour, and uses a BSG motor to replace the traditional starter motor and generator. It is equivalent to an enhanced version of the automatic start-stop system. In addition to the automatic start-stop function, it can also provide auxiliary power when necessary.

　　Source of 48V system

　　The concept of the 48V system first originated in 2011 when several German vehicle manufacturers including Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche and Volkswagen jointly launched and formulated the LV148 standard. In June 2013, the European Union approved the 2020 carbon dioxide emission standards, which require the average carbon dioxide emission level of new cars to be controlled at 95 g/km by 2020; European automobile manufacturers will face problems if they fail to meet the requirements on CO2 emission limits in the future. Fines of up to 95 euros per vehicle per gram exceeded. This mandatory standard prompts OEMs and parts suppliers to reduce vehicle fuel consumption through different technical routes. The 48V system has become the focus of industry insiders because of its advantages of significantly saving energy and reducing emissions at a limited cost.

　　Advantages and key technologies of 48V system

　　Infineon believes that the development of 48V systems is based on the following points:

　　Although 12V start-stop is low-cost, CO2 emission reduction is limited;

　　High-voltage hybrids reduce emissions more, but increase system costs more;

　　48V is close to the cost of 12V start-stop system;

　　Delivers performance close to high-voltage hybrid technology;

　　CO2 emission reductions can reach up to 15% or more;

　　The system cost target is less than 1000 euros;

　　It can provide loads other than the power system with a more advanced and energy-saving design.

　　Compared with the advantages of the 12V micro-hybrid system, Hong Yinglin, new energy product manager of Delphi Parker Asia Pacific, gave us an example: "For example, in air conditioners, when a traditional car is waiting at a red light, the engine is at idle speed, and the belt-driven air conditioner compressor can If the air conditioner continues to work, the air conditioner will still cool. But for a car with a start-stop function, it is necessary to switch to an electric air conditioner when waiting for a red light, otherwise passengers will have to endure an environment without air conditioning when waiting for a red light or in a traffic jam. An electric air conditioner compressor The minimum power is 2.5kw. If 12V is used for power supply, the power grid will be unbearable. If 48V is used, there will be no problem. In addition, the 48V side can also supply power to active suspension, electric steering, electric heater, etc.

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