Background and purpose

　　Thermal runaway caused by internal short circuit is the main safety issue of lithium-ion batteries. Other safety issues may be controlled by electrochemical or mechanical methods.

　　The initial potential defects of the battery may not be easy to control. For example, the following factors lead to the final serious internal short circuit, including damage to the separator, metal dissolution and deposition, and residual metal impurities.

　　The thermal behavior of short circuits within lithium-ion battery systems is based on very complex factors such as the nature of the short circuit, capacity, battery electrochemical properties, electrical and thermodynamic design, system loading, etc.

　　Short circuit in the battery is a multi-physics, three-dimensional problem, related to the electrochemistry of the battery, thermal system, thermal abuse reaction kinetics, etc. Through simulation experiments, electrochemical reactions, heat release, heat reaction propagation, and countermeasures from process technology can be understood.

　　Research methods

　　By conducting 3D physical field simulation studies to describe internal short circuits and changes in short circuits over time, we can expand our understanding of NERL's electrochemical, thermoelectric, and abuse reaction kinetic models (as shown in the figure below). Multiphysics model simulations demonstrate that the heating model during a short circuit event is based on the nature of the short circuit and battery characteristics such as capacity and rate capability.

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