Metal-air battery is a special fuel cell that uses metal as fuel and reacts with oxygen in the air to generate electricity.

　　Metal-air batteries use active metal as the anode and have many advantages such as safety, environmental protection, and high energy density. It has good development and application prospects, and is even expected to replace lithium-ion power batteries, the main power battery type of current new energy vehicles.

　　There are a wide range of raw materials available for making metal-air batteries. The metal-air batteries that have made research progress currently include aluminum-air batteries, magnesium-air batteries, zinc-air batteries, lithium-air batteries, etc. Some of these types of metal-air batteries already have the conditions for large-scale mass production, some are still in the laboratory stage, and some have achieved good application results in electric vehicles and will soon be loaded into new energy vehicles on a large scale.

　　This article will introduce the development and application progress of the above-mentioned metal-air batteries.

　　1. Aluminum air battery

　　1. Working principle

　　Aluminum-air batteries use high-purity aluminum Al (containing 99.99% aluminum) as the negative electrode, oxygen as the positive electrode, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution as the electrolyte. Aluminum absorbs oxygen in the air and produces a chemical reaction when the battery is discharged. The aluminum and oxygen react to convert into aluminum oxide.

　　2. Features

　　Aluminum-air batteries are non-toxic, harmless, pollution-free, and recyclable.

　　For electric vehicles, aluminum-air batteries have the remarkable characteristics of light weight and high specific energy. Data show that the theoretical specific energy of aluminum-air batteries can reach 8100Wh/kg, and the current actual specific energy is about 350Wh/kg, which is 2.3 times that of lithium batteries, 6 times that of nickel-metal hydride batteries, and more than 7 times that of lead-acid batteries.

　　This kind of battery is obviously helpful in reducing the weight of the car and increasing the cruising range.

　　3. R&D and application progress

　　foreign:

　　According to relevant information, electric vehicles using aluminum-air batteries in California, USA, have a record of a driving range of 1,600km with only one replacement of the aluminum electrode.

　　Alcoa Canada and Israeli company Phinergy's newly demonstrated 100-kilogram aluminum-air battery stores enough power to travel 3,000 kilometers.

　　domestic:

　　Yunnan Aluminum Co., Ltd. and Kunming Metallurgical Research Institute jointly funded the establishment of Chuangneng Aluminum Air Battery Co., Ltd. to invest in aluminum-air battery research and development projects. Currently, the Chuangneng aluminum-air battery research and development project is in progress.

　　China Dynamics and PHINERGY have established a joint venture to promote aluminum-air batteries in electric vehicles such as buses, coaches, logistics vehicles and sports utility vehicles. And plans to promote it in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau.

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