Most of the new energy vehicles currently on the market are plug-in hybrid vehicles, fuel cell vehicles and other vehicles that are mainly powered by electric energy. Broadly speaking, the gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles we know are all electric vehicles. Among them, a fuel cell is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. Fuel cell vehicles are ultimately driven by electricity, so they are essentially electric vehicles. At present, fuel cell vehicles mainly include hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and methanol fuel cell vehicles.

　　Whether it is in terms of sales volume or technological breakthroughs, there is still a gap between the 2020 goal. Feng Jinshan, deputy director of the Industrial Research Department of the China Society of Automotive Engineers, said that to achieve the 2020 goal, there are still certain challenges in some areas.

　　The breakthrough in battery performance is still far from the target

　　Feng Jinshan said that since December 2016, the driving range of pure electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles has basically reached 400 kilometers, and the proportion of domestic pure electric vehicles with a driving range of more than 300 kilometers has reached 80%.

　　The progress of pure electric vehicles in terms of cruising range and power batteries is mainly due to the increase in energy density. The energy density of batteries using lithium iron phosphate as the cathode material has reached 180Wh/kg, and the energy density of batteries using ternary materials has reached 240Wh/kg. , Feng Jinshan believes that a high level has been achieved so far. However, there is still a relatively large gap between the target of 350Wh/kg, and there are certain challenges in achieving the next technological breakthrough.

　　The energy density of lithium batteries (Wh/kg) refers to the amount of energy that the battery can store per unit weight, which is mainly determined by the material characteristics of the battery. Calculating that the energy density of ordinary lead-acid batteries is about 40Wh/kg, if lead-acid batteries are used to drive a family car for more than 200 kilometers, nearly 1 ton of batteries will be needed. Therefore, under the premise of controlling the battery weight within a certain range, the greater the energy density of the battery, the longer the cruising range of the car.

　　Zhao Lijin, director of the Technical Standards Department of the China Society of Automotive Engineers, said that in the past two years, the technology development trend of power batteries has mainly been towards high energy density, fast charging and low cost.

　　Regarding the fast charging of batteries, the goal of the roadmap is to achieve fast charging batteries with a cycle life of more than 3,000 times.

　　"The laboratory has been doing work in this area, especially for the application target of 300Wh/kg (energy density battery), the safety issue is more prominent." Zhao Lijin said that judging from the current progress, for pure electric vehicle battery applications The energy density and cycle life are still very big challenges from the indicators proposed in 2020, and the difficulty is also very high. Feng Jinshan also said that balancing the life and safety of batteries currently faces a relatively large breakthrough bottleneck.

　　Regarding fuel cell vehicles, Feng Jinshan believes that many current technological advances still come from universities, indicating that fuel cell vehicles are still transitioning from research and development to industrialization. But whether it’s battery performance, pressure reducing valves, hydrogenation devices, etc., the research and development of the entire industry chain has already started.

　　"Judging from the current progress, it is possible to achieve the 2020 goal ahead of schedule." Feng Jinshan said.

　　Zhao Lijin said that the development trend of fuel cells is towards high power, extended life and low-temperature cold start. Passenger cars and commercial vehicles should basically be able to start at minus 20 degrees Celsius. In terms of the industrialization of key materials for fuel cells such as membrane electrodes and catalysts, through cooperation with foreign investors, some products have reached 2020 performance. However, there are still very big challenges in achieving independent research and development of these materials.

　　Previously, society and the industry had different views on vehicle electrification, and there was a lack of substantive measures, plans and actions. Feng Jinshan believes that judging from the development in the past two years, electrification has become a necessary option.

　　"Electrification will be the inevitable choice, or the only way, for domestic and foreign car companies." Feng Jinshan said.

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