Introduction to the technical parameters, advantages and disadvantages of UPS lead-acid batteries. The quality of UPS batteries is directly related to the reliability of the entire UPS system. However, the battery is the device with the shortest mean time between failures (MTBF) in the entire UPS system. If the user can use and maintain it correctly, it can extend its service life. Otherwise, its service life will be significantly shortened. The types of batteries are generally divided into lead-acid batteries, lead-acid maintenance-free batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries.

　　UPS lead-acid battery technical parameters

　　UPS lead-acid battery is one of the most important equipment in an energy storage power station. The cost accounts for about 80% of the system. The technical parameters of the battery are very important to the system design. The following uses lead-carbon lead-acid battery as an example to explain the key parameters of the battery such as capacity. , discharge depth, number of cycles, etc. When selecting and designing batteries and inverters, pay attention to the maximum charge and discharge current of the battery.

　　1. Battery capacity

　　The capacity of a UPS battery is determined by the amount of active material in the battery, which is usually expressed in Ah or mAh. For example, the nominal capacity of 250Ah (10hr, 1.80V/cell, 25℃) refers to the capacity released by discharging at a current of 25A for 10 hours at 25℃ to reduce the voltage of a single battery to 1.80V.

　　2. Rated voltage

　　The potential difference between the positive and negative terminals of a UPS battery is called the rated voltage of the battery. Common lead-acid batteries have three rated voltages: 2V, 6V, and 12V. A single lead-acid battery is 2V, and a 12V battery is made up of six single batteries connected in series.

　　3. Maximum charge and discharge current

　　UPS lead-acid batteries are bidirectional and have two states, charging and discharging. This current is limited. Different batteries have different maximum charging and discharging currents. The battery charging current is generally expressed as a multiple of the battery capacity C. For example, if the battery capacity C=100Ah and the charging current is 0.15C, it is 0.15×100=15A.

　　4. Discharge depth and cycle life

　　During the use of UPS batteries, the percentage of capacity released by the battery to its rated capacity is called the depth of discharge. The depth of discharge has a close relationship with the battery life. The deeper the depth of discharge, the shorter the charging life. The UPS battery undergoes one charge and discharge, which is called a cycle. Under certain discharge conditions, the number of cycles that the UPS battery can withstand before the battery reaches a certain specified capacity value is called cycle life.

　　UPS batteries have different cycle times. The traditional fixed lead-acid battery has a cycle life of about 500 to 600 times; the starting lead-acid battery has a cycle life of about 300 to 500 times; and the valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery has a cycle life of 1000 to 1200 times. The deeper the daily discharge depth of the battery during long-term operation, the shorter the battery life; the shallower the discharge depth, the longer the battery life.

　　5. Battery energy

　　The energy of the battery refers to the electrical energy that the battery can provide under a certain discharge system, usually expressed in watt-hours (Wh). The energy of the battery is divided into theoretical energy and actual energy. The energy of the UPS battery is also related to the temperature. The lower the temperature, the lower the activity of the battery and the lower the capacity. For example, at minus 20 degrees, the capacity is 60%, at zero degrees, the capacity is 82%, and at 40 degrees, the capacity is 106%.

　　Introduction to the advantages and disadvantages of UPS batteries

　　As a device for storing electrical energy, UPS lead-acid batteries have the characteristics of high electromotive potential energy, good charge and discharge reversibility, wide operating temperature range, rich and cheap raw materials, etc., and have been widely used. Although lead-acid batteries have these advantages, they are still in data In the center, the large-scale application of lead-acid batteries has also exposed its shortcomings. Its weight causes load-bearing problems in the machine room, high maintenance requirements, relatively short life, and is also rich in toxicity.

　　●High maintenance costs

　　The batteries used in current UPS products are often called "maintenance-free lead-acid batteries." In fact, they need to be inspected at least twice a year to ensure that they are corrosion-free, in good working order, and that the connections between individual batteries are tight.

　　●Unforeseen hidden dangers in reliability

　　In order to ensure the reliability of UPS batteries, the only way is to monitor the batteries. However, each test of a battery reduces its capacity and shortens its lifespan. While most modern UPS built-in battery testing solutions can reduce this wear and tear, they do not eliminate it.

　　●High replacement cost

　　The service life of sealed lead-acid batteries is generally 4 to 5 years, while the service life of UPS is generally 2 to 3 times that of them. Therefore, in a complete life cycle of UPS, the data center needs to spend the cost of replacing the battery pack in the early stage. in the budget.

　　●Low energy density

　　UPS lead-acid batteries are relatively heavy and large. The battery pack of a typical medium-sized UPS is about 5 to 8 tons. The placement and load-bearing issues need to be considered.

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