UPS lead-acid battery industry development status and technical performance parameters. The composition and working principle of lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries are composed of positive plates, negative plates, separators, electrolytes, plastic tanks, etc. UPS lead-acid batteries are the most produced battery products in the world, accounting for 50% of all batteries. Today, lead-acid batteries have become a common "consumer product" in people's lives along with the rapid economic development.

　　Development status of UPS lead-acid battery industry

　　UPS batteries are mainly divided into four categories based on different electrode materials and working principles: lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and nickel-cadmium batteries. Among them, lead-acid batteries have the advantages of high cost performance, large capacity, high power, long life, safety and reliability. They are currently the most produced and widely used battery in the world; lithium-ion batteries also occupy a certain position due to their high energy density. market share.

　　The production process of UPS lead-acid batteries is relatively complex. Currently, the production processes of maintenance-free lead-acid batteries in the industry are mainly divided into lead strip rolling, lead paste kneading, grid production, lead paste coating, curing and drying, and pole casting. Processes include welding and pole group trough, through-wall welding, large cover heat sealing and terminal welding, battery acid addition and formation, small cover heat sealing and offline inspection.

　　Lead-acid batteries are UPS batteries with the largest market share and the most widely used chemical batteries. Especially in applications such as starting and large-scale energy storage, they will be difficult to be replaced by other new batteries for a long time. Lead-acid batteries are relatively low-priced and have comparative advantages such as mature technology, excellent high and low temperature performance, stability and reliability, high safety, and good resource reuse, and have obvious market competitive advantages.

　　With the breakthrough of new technologies and the application of new structures, the continuous emergence of advanced lead-acid batteries such as lead-carbon batteries, bipolar batteries, and non-lead grid batteries have changed the shortcomings of low mass-energy ratio and short cycle life. And with the gradual improvement of laws and regulations and the improvement of management level, the risk of lead pollution can also be prevented and controlled. It has injected new vitality into the sustainable development of the lead-acid battery industry. In the future, lead-acid batteries will still play an important role in backup power, energy storage, starting, power and other application fields.

　　Looking at the entire lead-acid UPS battery market, the lead-acid battery industry is in a mature stage in terms of competition quantity, growth rate, exit barriers, degree of homogeneity, and competition level. However, the overall quality of the industry is uneven and affected by the enterprises themselves. Due to the limitations of factors, most companies focus on low-end products and engage in price wars. Currently, the competition among existing companies in the market is fierce.

　　In recent years, large and medium-sized lead-acid battery companies have successively introduced green ecological design to reduce pollutants from the source, improve resource utilization, and realize ecological product design. Many lead-acid battery companies have stepped up technological transformation and adopted more advanced and green process technologies to improve environmental protection and occupational health protection. At the same time, automation and intelligent equipment have been introduced to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction in the manufacturing process. Some large lead-acid battery companies also carry out waste battery recycling, embarking on the path of green recycling and ecological civilization development.

　　UPS lead-acid battery technical performance parameters

　　1. Capacity

　　UPS battery capacity refers to the amount of electricity stored in a lead-acid battery, represented by the symbol C. The commonly used unit is ampere-hour, referred to as ampere-hour (Ah) or milliampere-hour.

　　2. Energy

　　The energy of UPS lead-acid batteries refers to the electrical energy that the battery can provide under a certain discharge system, usually expressed in watt hours (Wh). The energy of UPS battery is divided into theoretical energy and actual energy. The specific energy of the battery is a comprehensive indicator, which reflects the quality level of the battery and also indicates the technology and management level of the manufacturer.

　　3. Cycle life

　　The battery undergoes a charge and discharge cycle, which is called a cycle. Under certain discharge conditions, the number of cycles that the battery can withstand before the battery reaches a certain specified capacity value is called cycle life.

　　4. Storage performance

　　During the storage of UPS lead-acid batteries, due to the presence of impurities in the battery, such as positively charged metal ions, these impurities can form micro-batteries with the negative active material, resulting in dissolution of the negative metal and precipitation of hydrogen.

　　5. Internal resistance

　　The internal resistance of the battery includes ohmic internal resistance and polarization internal resistance, and the polarization internal resistance includes electrochemical polarization and concentration polarization. The existence of internal resistance makes the terminal voltage of the battery lower than the battery electromotive force and open circuit voltage when discharging, and the terminal voltage is higher than the electromotive force and open circuit voltage when charging.

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