Current status and core technologies of echelon utilization of retired lithium iron phosphate battery packs. At present, lithium iron phosphate battery is one of the most developed and widely used electric vehicle power batteries in my country. With the in-depth promotion of clean energy vehicles, the number of retired batteries is increasing, and the pressure for recycling is increasing. Since decommissioned batteries often still have a certain service life, if they can be properly utilized and recycled to expand their application fields, they can effectively extend their service life and reduce operating costs in the places where they are used. This article explains the status quo and core technologies of the echelon utilization of retired lithium iron phosphate battery packs.

　　Current status of echelon recycling of retired lithium iron phosphate battery packs

　　If discarded lithium iron phosphate batteries are directly discarded, it will cause environmental pollution and waste of resources. Due to its potential harm and huge economic value, countries around the world have successively launched active research.

　　The industry initially did not focus on the separate recycling of lithium iron phosphate batteries, but focused on the overall recycling of lithium batteries. Toxco, a company in the United States, uses low-temperature crushing and separation methods to recycle lithium-ion battery materials. It has now established an annual processing and processing facility for used lithium-ion batteries. A factory with a scale of 3,500 is now in operation; Japan Mining and Metals Corporation and the famous Japanese battery manufacturer GSYuasa Company are also planning to recover lithium resources from used electric vehicle batteries. In recent years, due to the advantages of lithium iron phosphate in terms of cost, performance, life and so on. It has been widely used, and the recycling work of lithium iron phosphate batteries has also been carried out.

　　Although the competent authorities and enterprises are vigorously promoting lithium iron phosphate batteries, recycling is still in its infancy because it is still in the stage of equipping a large number of vehicles. The existing recycling system is not perfect. The main problems are as follows.

　　(1) The recycling amount is small. Power batteries have only been widely used in our country in recent years, and there has been no large-scale scrapping. Most of the recycled batteries come from scrapped batteries from companies. Individuals have little awareness of battery recycling and their quantities are limited.

　　(2) There is no complete recycling network. At present, recycling mainly relies on local recycling companies. Although batteries are large in quantity, they are scattered. A small amount of batteries has little recycling value and may be disposed of as domestic garbage.

　　(3) Recycling companies have incomplete qualifications. The law stipulates that companies must apply for a hazardous waste business license before they are qualified to recycle and process waste batteries. However, there are not many recycling companies that actually have the qualifications. Illegal recycling by small businesses disrupts the market and also creates safety hazards.

　　Current status of echelon utilization of retired lithium iron phosphate battery packs

　　Take the electric vehicle industry as an example. Usually, under the operating conditions of electric vehicles, when the capacity of the power battery decreases to 80% of the initial capacity, it is considered that it cannot meet the driving requirements and needs to be replaced. Therefore, retired power lithium iron phosphate batteries often have more than 75% of the battery's initial capacity, and the internal chemical composition has not changed. In fact, the replaced battery still has a long life and can be used in situations that do not require high battery performance, such as home emergency power supplies, low-speed electric vehicles, smart grid peak-shaving and valley-filling, amusement park toy vehicles, etc. The cascade utilization of power batteries can alleviate the pressure of battery recycling, give full play to the value of the battery, and reduce the cost of application. Therefore, it is very necessary to carry out research on cascade utilization.

　　Bus charging stations have been established in Chongqing and other places in my country. The use of retired lithium iron phosphate batteries to serve the energy storage system of electric bus stations can effectively suppress fluctuations in charging loads and reduce the cost of power grid transmission and distribution. General Motors of the United States and ABB Group of Sweden have jointly carried out research on the secondary utilization of vehicle lithium batteries, mainly: storing electric energy generated by solar cells and wind power. Heymans Catherine et al. studied the feasibility of decommissioned power batteries participating in peak shaving on the user side from the economic perspective of cascading utilization of retired power batteries on the user side by analyzing user energy needs and system costs.

　　Retired lithium iron phosphate battery pack echelon core technology

　　The core technologies for the cascade utilization of decommissioned batteries mainly include battery sorting and evaluation, group balancing, operation and maintenance, economic evaluation and other technologies. After reorganization and integration of decommissioned batteries, they are currently mainly used in scenarios such as low-speed electric vehicles, mopeds, DC power supplies, and microgrids. They also have application possibilities in the field of large-scale energy storage technology. Relevant research institutions have carried out corresponding research from different technical and application perspectives.

　　E.L.Schneider et al. conducted a detailed study on the method of selecting reusable batteries from a large number of retired nickel-metal hydride power batteries and lithium-ion power batteries, tested and analyzed the performance of these batteries, and found that their remaining capacity is considerable. Guo Jianbo et al. invented a grading method for the cascade utilization of electric vehicle power batteries. They combined the battery health status assessment results with the battery usage conditions to classify the cascade utilization power batteries.

　　Lithium iron phosphate battery packs have become the first choice of many domestic companies in the early stages of production due to their advantages such as longer cycle life, high safety, low cost, and less environmental pollution. If the waste lithium iron phosphate battery packs are not recycled, they will cause huge environmental pollution. On the other hand, the effective recycling of metals and the utilization of residual energy can also bring considerable economic benefits. Therefore, it is necessary for lithium battery manufacturers to conduct in-depth research on the current status of recycling and processing of used lithium iron phosphate batteries.

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