The R&D of semi-solid flow battery will double the mileage of electric vehicles

The development of electric vehicles is constrained by the fact that batteries are bulky, expensive, and waste of space. For example, two-thirds of the battery of Nissan's Leaf electric car is filled with materials that are supported by the supply structure but do not produce electricity, which consumes a lot of electricity. In addition, a traditional battery pack contains hundreds of batteries, each of which contains numerous solid electrodes. These electrodes have metal foil current collectors, separated by plastic films. To add energy storage, it is necessary to add electrode materials, therefore, more metal foils and plastic films are needed, making the battery very bulky.

A team led by MIT Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Jiang Yeming (transliteration) has developed a semi-solid flow battery called "Cambridge Crude Oil", which not only reduces the "ineffective material" in the battery, but also improves The energy efficiency of the battery. In an ordinary battery, ions shuttle back and forth between two solid electrodes through a liquid or powder electrolyte, forcing electrons to flow on the external wires connecting the electrodes to generate current. In the new battery, the electrode is a slurry formed by mixing fine lithium compound particles and liquid electrolyte. The battery uses two slurry streams, one with positive charge and the other with negative charge. Both bundles of mud pass through the aluminum current collector and the copper current collector, and there is a water-permeable membrane between the two current collectors. When two beams of mud pass through the membrane, they exchange lithium ions, causing electric current to flow outside. In order to recharge the battery, just apply a voltage to let the ions back through the membrane.

Jiang Yeming said that the lithium "semi-solid" fluid battery they developed delivers 10 times the electricity per unit volume of traditional batteries. The cost of each kilowatt-hour of electricity produced by the new battery is $250, which is one-third of the cost of the existing battery. Moreover, an electric vehicle can travel 300 kilometers with a single charge, which is twice the current battery.

Scientists said that this battery has three options for charging: extract the failed mud and inject fresh mud; go to the charging station, where it replaces the failed mud with fresh mud; and recharge the mud with current. With the first two methods, the battery can be fully charged in just a few minutes.

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