Hydrogen is one of the hot technologies in today's society. After mastering the preparation methods of gaseous, liquid and solid states, how to prepare "metallic hydrogen" has always been a difficult problem that the scientific community is working hard to tackle.

　　I believe friends who have been paying attention to cutting-edge materials science will still remember that Harvard University published an article in Science in 2017 claiming to have prepared "metallic hydrogen", which caused a sensation around the world, but later the "metallic hydrogen" sample mysteriously disappeared.

　　Recently, the scientific research team of Shandong University has made a major breakthrough in the research of metallic hydrogen, which has attracted great attention around the world.

　　So what is "metallic hydrogen"? Why has it received so much attention?

　　According to reports, the team of Professor Zhao Mingwen of Shandong University proposed to use the high mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes to prepare and protect quasi-one-dimensional "metallic hydrogen" in carbon nanotubes at relatively "low" pressure, and thus developed corresponding theoretical model.

　　This theoretical result was recently published in Nano Letters (a top journal in Region 1, IF=12.712).

　　Since Wigner and Huntington predicted the existence of "metallic hydrogen" under high pressure in 1935, "metallic hydrogen" has been a coveted goal and is known as the "Holy Grail" of high-pressure physics.

　　An important property of "metallic hydrogen" is its superconducting properties. Theoretical calculations show that at 450 GPa (1 GPa = 10,000 times atmospheric pressure), "metallic hydrogen" has superconducting properties close to room temperature (TC ~ 242K). However, such high pressure is a great challenge for experiments, making experimental demonstration difficult.

　　In 2017, a research team from Harvard University successfully created an ultra-high pressure of 495 GPa in the laboratory, reporting the first real "metallic hydrogen" that caused a global sensation. Unfortunately, the sample of "metallic hydrogen" disappeared inexplicably later. .

　　Therefore, how to obtain "metallic hydrogen" under relatively "low" pressure has become an important research direction at present.

　　Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the diamond high-pressure anvil compressing molecular hydrogen gas reported by Harvard. At higher pressures, molecular hydrogen transforms into atomic hydrogen, as shown in the inset on the right.

　　Recently, Professor Xia Yueyuan, Professor Zhao Mingwen of Shandong University and their collaborators proposed a new method for preparing "metallic hydrogen": taking advantage of the high mechanical strength of carbon nanotubes to form ultra-high density quasi-uniform ions inside the carbon nanotubes. Dimension "Metallic Hydrogen".

　　Carbon nanotubes can not only protect the fleeting "metallic hydrogen", but also effectively reduce the critical pressure of hydrogen metallization, achieving the metallization and superconducting properties of hydrogen at a relatively "lower" pressure.

　　This result shows that molecular dynamics simulations based on the first principles of quantum mechanics show that quasi-one-dimensional hydrogen bound to carbon nanotubes can become a metal at 1.635 GPa (i.e. 1.635 million times atmospheric pressure), and its superconducting critical The temperature (TC ~ 225 K) is also close to room temperature.

　　Based on Eliashberg's superconductivity theory, the research team developed a corresponding theoretical model and successfully explained the superconducting properties of quasi-one-dimensional "metallic hydrogen".

　　This theoretical achievement provides a new solution for the experimental preparation and research of normal-temperature superconductor "metallic hydrogen".

　　Among the research results, Professor Xia Yueyuan and Professor Zhao Mingwen from the School of Physics of Shandong University are the first author and corresponding author respectively, Professor Ma Yuchen from the School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering is the co-corresponding author, and Shandong University is the only completion unit.

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