High-throughput calculations of sodium migration energies were performed on about 4300 compounds in the inorganic crystal structure database, and the compound indeed showed excellent high-rate performance and cycle durability; in detail, the compound showed stable 10C cycling, Its full charging rate is only 6 minutes. /Discharge and approximately 94% capacity retention after 50 charge-discharge cycles at room temperature. These results are comparable to or better than typical cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

　　Researchers at Japan's Nagoya Institute of Technology (Nitech) have demonstrated that a special material can serve as a highly efficient battery component for sodium-ion batteries, competing with lithium-ion batteries on multiple battery characteristics, especially charging speed.

　　The findings were published in the November 2018 issue of Scientific Reports and were led by Dr. Naoto Tanibata, assistant professor in the Department of Advanced Ceramics at Nitech.

　　The popular lithium-ion batteries have several benefits - they are rechargeable and have a wide range of applications. They are used in devices such as laptops and mobile phones, as well as hybrid and fully electric vehicles. Electric vehicles are an important technology to solve rural pollution and achieve clean and sustainable transportation, and play an important role in solving the energy and environmental crisis. One disadvantage of lithium is that it is a limited resource. Not only is it expensive, but its annual production is (technically) limited (due to the drying process). Given the increasing demand for battery-powered devices, especially electric vehicles, the need to find alternatives to lithium, which is both cheap and abundant, has become increasingly urgent.

　　Sodium-ion batteries are an attractive alternative to lithium-ion batteries for several reasons. Sodium is not a finite resource - it is abundant in the earth's crust and in seawater. Additionally, with appropriate crystal structure design, sodium-based components have the potential to produce faster charging times. However, sodium cannot simply be swapped with lithium, which is used in current battery materials because it has a larger ion size and a slightly different chemistry. Therefore, researchers need to find the best sodium-ion battery material through trial and error among a large number of candidate materials.

　　Nitech scientists have found a reasonable and effective way to solve this problem. After extracting approximately 4,300 compounds from a crystal structure database and performing high-throughput calculations on them, one compound yielded good results and is therefore a promising candidate for a sodium-ion battery component. The researchers found that Na2V3O7 has good electrochemical properties as well as crystal and electronic structure. The compound has fast charging properties and can be charged stably within 6 minutes. The researchers also demonstrated that the compound has long battery life and short charging time.

　　"We aim to solve the biggest obstacle that large batteries face in applications such as electric vehicles that rely heavily on long charging times. We are approaching this problem with a search that will yield materials that are efficient enough to improve the battery's rate performance .”

　　Despite Na2v3o7's promising properties and overall expected impact on sodium-ion batteries, the researchers found that Na2v3o7 degraded during the final charging stage, which limited the actual storage capacity to half the theoretical storage capacity. In their future experiments, the researchers therefore aim to improve the properties of this material so that it remains stable throughout the charging phase. "Our ultimate goal is to establish a method that allows us to efficiently design battery materials through a combination of computational and experimental approaches," added Dr. Tanibata.

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