After years of development, China has become the world's largest new energy vehicle market, and power batteries, as its core components, have attracted much attention. With the advancement of battery technology and the gradual maturity of the new energy vehicle market, the market for power batteries has gradually evolved from the pursuit of high energy density to the pursuit of high safety, low cost, and recyclability.

　　■Strengthen active battery safety prevention and control

　　Several electric vehicle fire incidents that have occurred in recent times have made the topic of safety unabated. At the 2019 China (Qinghai) Lithium Industry and Power Battery International Summit Forum held recently, Ouyang Minggao, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and vice chairman of the China Electric Vehicles Association of 100, said that current safety accidents are a fatal hazard to the development of the new energy vehicle industry, and Thermal runaway of power batteries is the essence of safety accidents.

　　Through in-depth research on the thermal-mechanical-electrical coupling mechanism of thermal runaway in power batteries, it was found that the three processes of thermal runaway inducement, occurrence and spread are: lithium deposition during battery charging, internal short circuit in the battery, single cell thermal runaway and battery system thermal runaway. Spread is the root cause of safety problems. Methods such as fast charging control, battery management, thermal design and thermal management can be used to achieve active safety prevention and control of thermal runaway of power batteries.

　　Analysis of new energy vehicle accident statistics in 2018 found that a large proportion of accidents occurred during charging. The reasons include: improper fast charging causes lithium deposition in the battery, resulting in rapid battery life decay and poor thermal stability; low level of charging function safety design; Data communication during charging is not standardized, etc. Ouyang Minggao pointed out that the current energy density of lithium-ion batteries has reached 300Wh/kg and will continue to increase in the future. In this case, the requirements for battery safety prevention and control technology will also become higher and higher. The industry should focus on solving the safety issues of lithium-ion batteries and develop safer power batteries to ensure the smooth development of the electric vehicle industry.

　　Wang Nianju, executive vice president of Tianjin Lishen Battery Co., Ltd., holds a similar view. He believes that at least in the next 10 years, lithium-ion batteries will still be the main solution for electric vehicle power. While improving battery energy density, it is also necessary to improve the design and The manufacturing process ensures the high safety of the battery.

　　In addition to the technical aspects, in what aspects should battery safety be ensured? In this regard, as an authoritative vehicle testing organization in Europe, Zeng Mu, executive vice president of Dekai Group and president of East and South Asia, pointed out that the safety of electric vehicles and power batteries must not only focus on the design level, but also pay attention to the role of testing and verification in ensuring safety. .

　　■Electrification creates new business formats

　　Electrification not only gives the automobile industry a completely new look, but also accelerates cross-border integration between the automobile industry and energy, technology and other industries. Due to the removable, separable, and controllable characteristics of power batteries, vehicle electrification continues to give rise to new industrial ecology and business models.

　　Zhang Yongwei, secretary-general and chief expert of the China Electric Vehicles Association of 100, released a topic report "Making Power Batteries Flow: Full Life Cycle Asset Operation Management of Power Batteries" stating that: As a mobile energy storage carrier, batteries can be effectively combined with renewable energy. And participate in power grid regulation; batteries, as separable special assets, can give birth to new business models, such as vehicle or battery leasing models based on separation of vehicle and electricity, time-sharing leasing models based on the sharing economy, etc.; batteries are controllable intelligence The unit can be combined with intelligent and networked technologies and integrated into the energy Internet system.

　　Zhang Yongwei said that the monitoring, evaluation, utilization, regeneration and innovative financial models of power batteries are the key to improving their full life cycle system. Among them, battery monitoring can provide a basis for battery health status and value evaluation; battery evaluation can solve the problem of difficult battery valuation; echelon utilization is an intermediate link in the decommissioned battery cycle system, helping to improve the use value of power batteries throughout their life cycle; Valuable metals in scrapped batteries have resource recycling value; green finance, including green credit, bonds, funds, insurance, etc., can help relieve corporate capital pressure and reduce corporate operational risks.

　　■Battery recycling and reuse needs breakthroughs

　　As the production and sales of new energy vehicles and power battery shipments continue to increase, how to recycle and reuse power batteries has become a difficult problem facing the industry. According to statistics from China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., my country's new energy vehicle power batteries will enter a large-scale scrapping period after 2018, and the scrap volume is expected to reach 480,900 tons in 2023. Among them, lithium iron phosphate batteries account for the majority of scrapped batteries from 2018 to 2020. It is expected that the scrap volume of ternary batteries will begin to increase from 2021, and the scrap volume of ternary batteries will be greater than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries in 2023.

　　my country's current power battery recycling policy is mainly reflected in three aspects: first, implementing the extended producer responsibility system, second, establishing and improving the power battery recycling system, and third, strengthening industry supervision of enterprises. At present, my country has initially formed a power battery echelon utilization and recycling system with complete vehicles, batteries and third-party companies as the main body. According to statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, by the end of 2018, the number of retired battery recycling service outlets in my country had reached 3,204.

　　However, although certain results have been achieved, there are still many problems in the battery recycling system and mechanism. For example, the access conditions for battery echelon utilization enterprises are unclear, battery decommissioning standards are unclear, technologies such as the evaluation and dismantling of used batteries are immature, and the battery recycling and reuse industry chain is relatively isolated and not well coordinated. According to Zhao Xiaoyong, managing director of Beijing Saidemei Resource Recycling Research Institute Co., Ltd., in the past three years, the number of battery recycling companies has grown from more than 20 to more than 300, but only 30 to 40 companies actually have factories and are capable of environmental protection inspections. .

　　Kong Qingxi, deputy general manager of Tower Energy Co., Ltd., said that lithium batteries have advantages in energy density, cycle life and environmental protection compared with traditional lead-acid batteries. With the explosive growth of power battery retirements starting in 2019, reasonable tiered utilization is the solution The key to eliminating worries about the development of new energy vehicles is also an important means to solve the high cost of new energy vehicles. Small-capacity, distributed base station backup power is the best way to utilize power batteries in terms of safety and economy. Best scene. He also pointed out that there are many new energy vehicle companies in our country. If we independently establish recycling service outlets, it may cause duplication of construction. There are also many corresponding institutions such as recycling and dismantling companies and comprehensive resource utilization companies, making coordination difficult. It is necessary to explore shared joint ventures. Recycling mode.

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