Advanced large-capacity energy storage technology specifically refers to energy storage technology used in power systems with a capacity of above kilowatts and superior comprehensive performance. As a key supporting technology for large-scale access to renewable energy, peak shaving and valley filling of traditional power systems, and load balancing of distributed regional energy systems, large-capacity energy storage technology has become the commanding heights of future energy technology innovation in the world. Current mainstream energy storage technologies such as pumped storage, lithium-ion batteries, and lead-acid batteries are increasingly unable to meet the rapidly developing demand for large-capacity energy storage. All-vanadium redox flow batteries are safe and environmentally friendly, have long lifespan, are large-scale, and have high efficiency. Features such as freedom of location selection make it one of the first choices for large-capacity and efficient energy storage technology. The application value of all-vanadium redox flow battery technology is increasingly valued. my country's all-vanadium redox flow battery technology and application are leading the world and are expected to become a rising star in the field of large-capacity energy storage.

　　A rising star in large-scale energy storage

　　my country has complete vanadium redox flow battery technology and leads the world in industrial development. my country has the world's leading all-vanadium redox flow battery technology service company, and has formed an independent intellectual property system for all-vanadium redox flow batteries throughout the industry chain, including mass production of flow batteries, module design and manufacturing, and system integration control. The cumulative scale of all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage projects that have been put into operation in my country is second only to the two traditional electrochemical energy storage technologies, lithium-ion batteries and lead-acid batteries, accounting for approximately 4% of the country's electrochemical energy storage scale and 10% of the global all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage projects. 17.8% of the flow battery energy storage scale. my country is also the largest producer of all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and the international market share of vanadium electrolyte reaches more than 90%.

　　All-vanadium redox flow batteries have obvious advantages and have become one of the preferred technologies in the field of large-capacity energy storage. Compared with other energy storage technologies, all-vanadium redox flow batteries have obvious advantages: First, they are safe and environmentally friendly. The energy storage medium of the all-vanadium redox flow battery is a dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution containing vanadium ions, which is not prone to explosion and combustion. The vanadium electrolyte can be recycled repeatedly. The second is long cycle life. The number of battery charge and discharge cycles is more than 15,000 times, and the service life is 15 to 20 years. Third, the energy conversion efficiency is high and the charge and discharge characteristics are good. The energy efficiency is about 80%, the response speed is fast, it can be deeply discharged, and it is suitable for rapid charging and discharging of large currents. Fourth, it has large capacity. The energy storage capacity ranges from hundreds of kilowatt hours to hundreds of megawatt hours, which is especially suitable for large-capacity fixed energy storage applications.

　　The demonstration project has achieved initial results and is ready for large-scale promotion. According to statistics, there are 40-50 vanadium battery projects in the world. Since 2013, my country Guodian Zhangbei Wind and Solar Storage and Transmission Demonstration Project, Guodian Longyuan Shenyang Woniushi Wind Farm, Liaoning Wind Power Co., Ltd. Heishan Wind Farm, Guodian Hefeng Jinzhou Wind Farm All-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage demonstration projects above the megawatt level have been successively deployed, among which the all-vanadium redox flow battery (5MW/10MWH) in Woniushi Wind Farm is the largest. Demonstration projects have played an important role in peak shaving and valley filling and reducing wind and solar power abandonment.

　　Commercialization faces three major bottlenecks

　　First, the cost needs to be further broken through, and the market needs to be further opened. Although the cost of my country's all-vanadium redox flow battery is lower than the international level, it is still at a higher level compared with lead storage and lithium-ion batteries. The initial investment of all-vanadium redox flow battery reaches 3000-4000 yuan/kWh and 10000-15000 yuan/kW. , leading to a decline in the market share of all-vanadium flow batteries in the past two years.

　　Second, the standard system is not sound enough, and standard construction has just begun. All-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage is an emerging industry, and the formulation of relevant standards at home and abroad is in the active exploration stage. As a country with internationally leading all-vanadium redox flow battery technology, my country has only introduced all-vanadium redox flow battery terminology, safety national standards.

　　Third, the business model is in urgent need of innovation and the subsidy policy has not yet been established. At present, energy storage operation mainly adopts the "investment + operation" model, which makes investment pressure and risk high. Investment projects are concentrated on the power generation side and the user side. The power generation side mainly relies on the storage of abandoned power during power restrictions, and the user side relies on the peak-valley price difference. Arbitrage and electricity bill management, but there are problems such as imperfect pricing and compensation mechanisms.

　　Promote from three aspects

　　The first is to reduce battery costs and promote technology industrialization. Develop low-cost technology, establish a low-cost technology research and development base for all-vanadium redox flow batteries, and develop low-cost technologies such as ion-conducting membranes and electrolytes for all-vanadium redox flow batteries; promote large-scale mass production and formulate an industrial development route for all-vanadium redox flow batteries Figure 1: Prioritize the deployment of all-vanadium redox flow batteries in provinces with large vanadium resources such as Hebei and Sichuan. Use the scale effect to promote the reduction of equipment unit investment costs, and strive to reduce the cost of all-vanadium redox flow batteries to 2,500 yuan/kWh by 2020; expand application areas , carry out pilot demonstrations of all-vanadium redox flow batteries in microgrids, smart grids, alternative diesel units, island power supply, new urban energy layout, charging station construction, multi-energy complementation in industrial parks, etc., accumulate successful experience, and promote it by expanding downstream applications upstream production.

　　The second is to improve the standards system and actively participate in the formulation of international standards. Research and formulate the "China Flow Battery Technology Industry Standard", taking the all-vanadium flow battery application process as the main line, divided into planning and design, equipment and testing, installation and commissioning, operation and maintenance, recycling and other aspects, standardizing the electrolyte and ion membrane and other key component technical conditions; domestic leading companies should actively participate in the formulation of international flow battery technology industry standards, strive for more say in international standards, and strive to incorporate our country's technology into international standards.

　　The third is to explore the establishment of subsidy policies and cultivate sustainable business models. In the short term, the country should establish subsidy policies such as demonstration electricity prices (kWh subsidies), construction subsidies (kilowatt subsidies), priority grid connection and full purchase of electricity to support the current development of the energy storage industry. In the long term, to establish an electricity price or compensation mechanism that reflects the commercial value of energy storage, it is recommended that relevant national departments incorporate energy storage development into the power system reform, study and formulate pricing mechanisms such as energy storage electricity prices, peaking prices, frequency regulation prices, and ancillary services, and establish storage It provides a compensation mechanism for energy projects in improving tracking plan output, improving power output quality and environmental benefits, and promotes energy storage construction and development through economic leverage. In terms of business models, we will promote contract energy management, financial leasing and other financial means for transaction management, promote BOT, BOO, BOOT, BLT, PPP and other methods, introduce diversified capital, and promote the acquisition and implementation of energy storage projects.

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