"Last mile" photovoltaic parity non-technical cost clearing obstacles

　　Senior photovoltaic industry researcher Wang Shujuan said at the "PAT 2019 Love Photovoltaics for Life, Ten-Year Franchise, Sunshine Affordable Road - Photovoltaic Advanced Technology Seminar", "Since the current policy has not yet been released, it has greatly affected the project construction time. This year There probably won’t be a lot of grid connection projects.”

　　The current price parity mentioned in the industry is based on the price of desulfurized coal electricity. Looking at the situation of photovoltaics this year, Wang Shujuan said: "This year's affordable projects are still mainly distributed. After calculating solar resources and desulfurized coal electricity prices in different regions, 353 prefecture-level cities in my country (except for Tibet's special electricity prices) are The current situation is not ideal, and only a few areas can achieve price parity. From a purely technical perspective, parity is possible in some areas of the three northeastern provinces, especially Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Hainan Province."

　　One-stop price parity is unrealistic. In the past ten years since the development of photovoltaics, the cost of generating electricity has dropped by more than 90% cumulatively. From the perspective of parity, achieving parity starts with reducing technical costs and non-technical costs.

　　With two years of subsidy transition period left, Wang Sicheng, deputy director of the China Photovoltaic Special Committee, believes that by lowering the module price to less than 2 yuan/Wp and the system cost to less than 4 yuan/W, the cost of electricity per kilowatt hour will be reduced through technological innovation. Falling below 0.4 yuan/kWh paves the way for parity.

　　“The technical route for grid parity is mainly achieved by reducing the cost of components, improving the conversion efficiency of components, reducing system integration costs, and increasing the power generation of the system.” System solutions of TBEA Xinjiang New Energy Co., Ltd. Chief Engineer Zhang Shengzhong said.

　　In the past ten years, the decline in photovoltaic electricity costs has mainly come from the decline in initial investment. Between 2011 and 2018, component and inverter prices dropped by about 80% to drive down electricity prices. With the decline in the core costs of components and inverters, the current photovoltaic investment cost has dropped to 4-5 yuan/W.

　　So is there room for technology cost reduction? Wang Shujuan said, "There must be room for reduction. The cost of components and inverters has always accounted for about 50%. The room for reduction mainly comes from the improvement of component efficiency and design optimization. In the future, the reduction of LCOE will mainly depend on the amount of power generated. To achieve it by improving.”

　　One of the ways to increase the power generation capacity of a power station is to use efficient equipment. In the design of photovoltaic systems, the most important thing is equipment selection. Companies are generally concerned about the selection of three types of equipment, namely components, inverters, and brackets. The differences in the technical performance of these three types of equipment will also affect the cost of electricity.

　　Wang Shujuan believes that “bifacial modules + 1500V system + tracking bracket will be the preferred combination technology solution for ground subsidy removal projects.”

　　Non-technical cost barriers

　　In addition to equipment selection, external resource conditions are also a major factor from the company's affordable project practice.

　　"To achieve parity, on the one hand, it is closely related to the internal technical level, and on the other hand, it also depends on the external resource conditions and technical conditions." Zhang Shengzhong said.

　　According to his introduction, TBEA has begun to design affordable Internet access since the implementation of the second batch of front-runner projects. TBEA listed 31 provinces and 334 prefecture-level cities, calculated the single-watt investment efficiency of each region based on the level of desulfurized coal electricity prices, and formed a ranking of the best development areas. At the same time, based on the price of desulfurized coal power in each province and region, combined with the number of power generation hours corresponding to advanced technology, and the benchmark value of investment income, the maximum single-watt investment cost limit for each region is deduced, forming an affordable grid echelon development According to the distribution map, in each resource area, as long as the investment cost per watt of the technical solution is controlled within the limit, affordable access to the Internet can be achieved while achieving revenue requirements.

　　Also among the front-runner projects, the 500MW Golmud project invested and constructed by China Three Gorges Corporation and Sungrow Consortium has set a precedent for parity with the lowest photovoltaic electricity price in history of 0.31 yuan/kWh.

　　Zhang Yanhu, vice president of Sunshine New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., said when talking about the Golmud project: "How to optimize system integration and minimize the cost of electricity from the perspective of the entire system is the key task of the project team." It is understood that from the system From a perspective, the Golmud project uses two key advanced technologies. One is the 1500V system technology that has been used on a large scale overseas but has not yet been popularized in China. It can reduce cable costs and losses and increase the internal rate of return; the other is that it can effectively Super configuration design to reduce LCOE.

　　In the "last mile" of affordable prices, the photovoltaic industry is still facing a lot of pressure. At present, the biggest obstacle to photovoltaic parity is non-technical costs. Non-technical costs that have always been high have become an obstacle on the road to photovoltaic parity.

　　Qi Hesheng, secretary-general of the China Renewable Energy Society, said at the "2019 Electricity Cost Optimization Summit Forum": "The national policy of reducing value-added tax has been implemented, and the management of the renewable energy industry needs to be further standardized, and it is necessary to continuously control the risks during the project construction process. Non-technical costs. Reduce the burden of investment and operation on enterprises, reduce land taxes during project development, reduce installation, operation and maintenance costs, and eliminate unreasonable charges."

　　"If the non-technical cost issue can be solved, photovoltaics will soon achieve parity on the power generation side and on the electricity consumption side nationwide. At this time, it will account for at least 50% of the photovoltaic market." Wang Sicheng said.

　　Judging from the current situation, subsidy reduction and parity projects in 2019 will still be mainly distributed, mainly in the southeastern region. In Wang Shujuan's view, parity can be divided into two stages. One is that the cost of photovoltaics can compete with conventional thermal power in the market transaction process, and the other is parity when combined with energy storage.

　　"The essence of electricity is market-based competition. Photovoltaic parity is not just benchmarked against desulfurized coal electricity prices, but against all energy sources. The large-scale development of photovoltaics requires the cooperation of energy storage." Wang Shujuan said, "From the current point of view, storage The cost of energy is declining at about 20% to 25% every year, so we need to give energy storage another three to five years."

　　At the same time, with the advent of the era of photovoltaic parity, the intermittency and volatility in photovoltaic power generation characteristics will be solved, and the combination of photovoltaics and energy storage will be more friendly to the security of the grid.

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