Application and technical key points of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage scenarios

　　With the development of the energy storage industry, the advantages of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage scenarios have also begun to attract industry attention:

　　01Energy storage may usher in a new round of industrial boom

　　The development of the new energy industry has gradually revealed the value of energy storage. Data show that the cumulative installed capacity of global chemical energy storage increased by 66.3% year-on-year in 2018, reaching 4868MW. Among them, China's newly installed capacity reached 629MW, a year-on-year increase of 420%. In order to support the development of the energy storage industry, my country has introduced a number of favorable policies since 2015:

　　Driven by national policies, many energy storage projects have entered the formal implementation stage, and the energy storage industry has entered a transition period from demonstration to commercialization. At the same time, lithium battery companies such as BYD, CATL, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, and Yiwei Lithium Energy are also laying out and planning the energy storage industry chain.

　　Data show that in 2018, there were a total of 11 domestic energy storage lithium battery companies with shipments exceeding 100MWh. The top five companies were BYD, ZTE Peneng, Sunshine Energy, Kellu Electronics and Lixin Energy. Among them, BYD Energy Storage Lithium Battery Shipments are as high as 1GWh.

　　02Lithium-ion batteries account for 75% of chemical energy storage

　　Existing energy storage systems are mainly divided into five categories: mechanical energy storage, electrical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, thermal energy storage and chemical energy storage. Among them, the cumulative operational scale of electrochemical energy storage in my country is 1.073GW. It is expected that the cumulative operational scale of electrochemical energy storage will reach 1.92GW by the end of 2019. By 2022, the scale will exceed 10GW and will be close to 20GW in 2023. (Data as of the end of 2018, sourced from Zhongguancun Energy Storage Industry Technology Alliance)

　　Lithium batteries are the main growth point of electrochemical energy storage, accounting for 75% of the scale of chemical energy storage. In the long run, the energy storage field will be one of the important application markets for lithium batteries.

　　Lithium-ion batteries refer to batteries made of lithium-containing compounds, which mainly rely on the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes to work. During its charge and discharge process, there are only lithium ions and no metallic lithium. Compared with other batteries, the advantages of lithium batteries are: high energy density, long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, high energy conversion rate, fast charge and discharge, etc.

　　In the energy storage system, lithium batteries, lead-carbon batteries, and lead-acid batteries are all used to store electrical energy. The biggest difference between lithium batteries and lead-acid batteries is that lithium batteries must be equipped with a battery management system. At present, domestic lithium battery technologies mainly include mainstream routes such as lithium iron phosphate, lithium titanate, and ternary lithium. The power density of these batteries is much higher than that of lead-carbon batteries.

　　03Application of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage scenarios

　　Energy storage is one of the important means to solve the intermittent fluctuations of new energy wind power and photovoltaic and realize the function of "peak-cutting and flattening". Energy storage lithium batteries are also gradually receiving attention as an emerging application scenario.

　　It is understood that the application scenarios of lithium batteries in the power supply side, user side, and grid side of energy storage are as follows: The key applications of energy storage on the power generation side include optical storage power stations, wind storage power stations, and AGC frequency modulation power stations; the key points of user-side energy storage include optical Storage and charging stations, home energy storage, backup power supply, etc.; grid energy storage includes substation energy storage, virtual power plants, peak shaving/frequency modulation and other scenarios.

　　Energy storage lithium batteries have no direct requirements for energy density, but different energy storage scenarios have different requirements for the power density of energy storage lithium batteries. Lithium-ion batteries used in the field of power energy storage require batteries to have safety, long life, and high energy conversion efficiency. The cycle life is generally required to be greater than 3,500 times.

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