The seven major lithium battery technologies and resources are controlled by foreign countries. Although my country's lithium battery industry chain is relatively complete, it is still restricted by foreign technology or resources in separators, PVDF, water-based binders, aluminum-plastic films, automation equipment, cobalt ore, etc. With the outbreak of the YYW-US trade war, the United States has imposed punitive tariffs on some Chinese companies. Many Chinese companies have exposed the lack of core technologies and weak R&D capabilities, which has very significant constraints on the future development of my country's high-tech industries. .

　　As a clean, efficient and economical energy storage product, lithium batteries have been widely used in digital products such as mobile phones, tablets, and laptops in the past decade. In recent years, new energy vehicles have begun to be promoted on a large scale, and companies They have focused on the research and development and production of power batteries. The upstream and downstream lithium battery industry chain has become more complete, and the output of power batteries accounts for more than half of the world's production. Against the background of the rapid development of the lithium battery industry, domestic companies are also facing many problems that they have not mastered core technologies.

　　1. Diaphragm material

　　As one of the key materials of lithium batteries, the separator must not only prevent contact between the positive and negative electrodes, but also ensure that electrolyte ions can pass through. This has important consequences for the thickness, porosity, air permeability resistance, internal resistance, puncture strength, mechanical strength, and pore size of the separator. , consistency and other aspects have put forward very high requirements.

　　The dry process of separator materials is relatively mature, but there is still a gap between high-end wet process separators and foreign countries. The raw materials of PE separators and production equipment are heavily dependent on imports. Domestic separators started late, and the technological maturity of domestic enterprises is not high. Although the localization rate has increased in recent years, especially in dry process separators, it has been greatly improved. However, in terms of wet process, it is limited by technology and technology and production equipment.

　　In addition, PE material, which is the main material, has high requirements for purity and stability. The supply of PE materials for domestic separator companies is basically monopolized by several companies such as Japan's Mitsui and Korea Petroleum Chemicals. The purity of domestic polyethylene products does not meet the requirements. , is rarely used in high-end products, and is mostly used in some low-end products.

　　2. Separator coated with PVDF

　　At present, domestic power battery separator coating with PVDF mainly relies on imports. Only some companies use domestic PVDF, but the stability and material of domestic PVDF are poor.

　　PVDF, also called polyvinylidene fluoride, has a melting point of 172°C, a heat deformation temperature of 112~145°C, and a long-term use temperature of -40~150°C. It is used in coated separators to enable the separator to be closely combined with the electrode. Due to the electrode With the support of the plate, the thermal shrinkage of the separator is enhanced, and it can also reduce free electrolyte and improve the safety of the battery. Foreign PVDF products are mainly reflected in their stability and high quality, including Akma and Solvay, which can be produced on a large scale, while domestic production is small in scale and low in efficiency.

　　3. Water-based adhesive

　　Japanese companies have been engaged in R&D and layout of water-based adhesives for more than ten years, and the technology and industrial supporting facilities in this area are very mature. The domestic adhesive industry started late, and supporting raw materials and production equipment rely on imports. There is a big gap between China's raw materials and Japanese and Korean companies in terms of quality and purity.

　　4. Aluminum plastic film technology

　　Soft aluminum-plastic film relies heavily on imports. Only some companies can produce it, but its performance is not recognized by the industry. As the outer packaging material of lithium batteries, aluminum-plastic film has very high requirements in terms of thickness, barrier properties, electrolyte resistance and stability.

　　There is a big gap between the performance of domestic aluminum-plastic film products and foreign products, mainly reflected in the fact that it is difficult to reach the level of Japanese and Korean companies in terms of punching depth and precision control. At present, the supply of domestic aluminum-plastic films is basically monopolized by Japanese companies. Although some domestic manufacturers have begun the research and development and manufacturing of aluminum-plastic films, the performance of domestic aluminum-plastic films has not been recognized by domestic battery companies in the short term. Most are still imported. In terms of equipment, key equipment such as casting machines and extruders rely on imports, and are relatively restricted when expanding production.

　　5. NCA technology

　　China's NCA battery industrialization lags behind, and key NCA materials are mainly concentrated in the hands of Japanese companies. Entering 2018, ternary has become the area of greatest concern in the power battery industry. Domestic ternary mainly adopts the NCM technology route, and there is basically no big breakthrough in NCA.

　　NCA has the characteristics of high energy density, good rate characteristics, and good low-temperature performance. It is one of the most promising high-energy-density lithium battery cathode materials. Japanese and Korean companies developed NCA cathode materials earlier, and the technology is more mature and advanced. A mutually supporting industrial chain and a relatively stable and mature supply chain have been formed.

　　At present, the NCA market is basically monopolized by Japan. Driven by the TESLA effect, some domestic companies have begun to deploy NCA, but the output is relatively small. Except for the NCA precursor, there are certain gaps in other parts.

　　6. Automation equipment

　　High-end automation equipment, especially cylindrical battery equipment, relies heavily on imports. As the production capacity of lithium battery companies continues to expand, the demand for lithium battery equipment continues to grow. However, due to the numerous processes and categories of lithium battery equipment, companies are over-concentrated and product homogeneity is serious. The stability, manufacturing process and digital control of domestic equipment are different from those of foreign countries. Enterprises still have a certain gap, especially in the field of cylindrical battery production, which mostly relies on imports, and domestic equipment cannot meet the requirements in terms of accuracy and automation.

　　7. Cobalt ore

　　China’s cobalt ore reserves are low and severely restricted by foreign countries. As an essential element in ternary materials, cobalt has a greater impact on the cost of ternary materials. At present, global cobalt mines are mainly distributed in places such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Australia, Cuba, Zambia and the Philippines. The reserves of these countries account for more than 80% of global cobalt reserves. However, the reserves of cobalt mines in China are very low, with cobalt reserves of only 8 million tons, accounting for 1% of global cobalt reserves. The shortage of cobalt ore has increased the cost of power batteries and increased the risks of enterprises.

　　If you want lithium battery materials to improve their status in the market, you must continue to increase R&D investment, technically strengthen R&D efforts, and strive to narrow the technological gap with international brands. Increase investment in R&D equipment, deepen industry research and jointly launch overall solutions, so that one day our country's lithium battery technology can completely get rid of imports and dependence on foreign countries.

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