Why do power Nickel Hydride Batteries need a BMS management system?

What is the important role of the battery management system (BMS) of Nickel Hydride Batteries? Although Nickel Hydride Batteries have more advantages than other types of batteries, they are still in danger of explosion when they are severely overcharged, which not only damages the lithium battery pack but also threatens the life safety of the user. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the lithium battery pack with a targeted lithium battery management system BMS to effectively monitor, protect, balance energy and alarm faults of the battery pack, thereby improving the working efficiency and service life of the entire lithium battery.

What is a battery management system? The battery management system, abbreviated as BMS, is a system for managing batteries. It usually has the function of measuring battery voltage to prevent or avoid abnormal conditions such as over-discharge, over-charging, over-temperature, etc. of the battery. With the development of technology, many functions have been gradually added. Common applications of BMS: mobile phones, MP3 players, voice recorders, notebook computers, electric bicycles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric two-wheeled vehicles, electric motorcycles, elderly scooters, electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, electric vehicles, electric boats, and any other devices, instruments or vehicles that use batteries and need to be charged. Why do power Nickel Hydride Batteries need a BMS management system? The power lithium battery management system can effectively monitor, protect, balance energy and alarm faults of lithium battery packs, thereby improving the working efficiency and service life of the entire power battery pack. Nickel Hydride Batteries are widely used in various precision equipment due to their many advantages such as high working voltage, small size, light weight, high energy density, no memory effect, no pollution, low self-discharge, and long cycle life.

However, Nickel Hydride Batteries have serious defects, which can be summarized in the following two aspects:

(1) Safety Nickel Hydride Batteries have poor safety and explosion defects from time to time. In particular, Nickel Hydride Batteries with lithium cobalt oxide as the positive electrode material cannot be discharged with large currents and have poor safety. In addition, overcharging or over-discharging of almost all types of Nickel Hydride Batteries will cause irreversible damage to the battery cells. Nickel Hydride Batteries are also extremely sensitive to temperature: if used at too high a temperature, the electrolyte may decompose, burn or even explode; if the temperature is too low, the performance of the lithium battery will deteriorate significantly, affecting the normal use of the equipment. Due to the limitations of the battery manufacturing process, the internal resistance and capacity of each battery cell will vary. When multiple battery cells are used in series, the charging and discharging rates of each battery cell will be inconsistent, which leads to low utilization of battery capacity. In view of this, Nickel Hydride Batteries usually require a special protection system to monitor the health status of the battery during actual use, so as to manage the use process of Nickel Hydride Batteries.

(2) Maintainability The capacity attenuation and power consumption of Nickel Hydride Batteries at low temperatures cannot be accurately predicted, which makes the maintainability of the equipment poor. Long-term online instruments need to replace batteries regularly, and the remote monitoring equipment work sites are scattered and the distance between each site is long, so the workload of replacing batteries is huge and the cost is high. In order to reduce the maintenance workload and maintenance costs, the lithium battery BMS management system needs to have an accurate charge state estimation function to accurately grasp the battery charge state and more purposefully replace the battery; at the same time, the battery management system needs to have a low power consumption to reduce the maintenance frequency and extend the battery life. Therefore, for remote monitoring instruments that are powered continuously for a long time, the reasonable design of the lithium battery BMS management system is of great significance to the maintenance of the equipment. The important role of the battery management system (BMS) of Nickel Hydride Batteries: There are safety issues from the production of power Nickel Hydride Batteries to the end of their lifespan recycling. Even if they fully meet international safety standards when leaving the factory, they will evolve from a safe state to an unsafe state during use. The performance of single cells with good quality will gradually decline and reach the life limit. The performance of single cells with poor quality will gradually show various abnormal degradation and decline during use, and enter the unsafe state that is worried about. This is a gradual cumulative change process. The lithium battery BMS management system is not dispensable as some battery manufacturers say, but must be there, and it must be used throughout the battery pack application. There have been many studies on lithium battery management systems at home and abroad, and they have begun to be applied in many fields, which can meet the needs of some markets. The application of lithium power batteries has put forward higher requirements for battery management systems. Ensuring the safety of power battery packs is the primary task of lithium power battery management systems.

The lithium battery BMS management system has the following characteristics:

● The lithium battery management system consists of a management host (CPU), a voltage and temperature acquisition module, a current acquisition module, and a communication interface module.

●It can detect and display the total voltage, total current, and reserve power of the lithium battery pack; the voltage of any single cell and the temperature of the battery box; the highest and lowest single cell voltage and battery number, the highest and lowest temperature, and the charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack.

●The UPS battery host also provides an alarm and control output interface to alarm and control output for extreme conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, high temperature, low temperature, overcurrent, and short circuit.

●It provides RS232 and CAN bus interfaces, and all information on the lithium battery management system can be directly read on the computer.

Lithium battery pack and BMS of new energy vehicles: Electric vehicle power batteries are composed of thousands of small cells. The composition of lithium battery packs mainly includes cells, modules, electrical systems, thermal management systems, boxes and BMS. Lithium battery packs are the core components of new energy vehicles, providing driving power for the entire vehicle. It mainly forms the battery pack protection body through a metal shell.

The battery cell realizes the integration of the battery cell through a modular structural design, and includes the heat dissipation hardware of the battery cell. The quality of the heat dissipation system design is the prerequisite for BMS to achieve excellent management, which is also an important reflection of the technological advancement of individual manufacturers. Through thermal management design and simulation to optimize the thermal management performance of lithium battery packs, electrical components and wiring harnesses realize the control system's safety protection and connection path for batteries; through BMS, the battery cells are managed, as well as communication and information exchange with the entire vehicle. As a strong guarantee for the safe use of batteries, the lithium battery management system keeps the battery in a safe and controllable charging and discharging process at all times, greatly improving the battery's cycle life during actual use. In the rapid development of new energy vehicles, the lithium battery management system (BMS) plays a vital role as a core technology.

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