JGC Corporation and Japan's National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology have demonstrated a system that uses solar energy to generate hydrogen, then converts it into ammonia in an energy-saving manner, which is then used to generate electricity through combustion in a gas turbine. The process is "CO2-free from production to power generation," read a joint press statement. JGC said it has developed a ruthenium-based catalyst that can synthesize ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen at low temperature and high pressure. Ammonia is "an ideal hydrogen energy carrier," the press statement said, in part because using hydrogen as a fuel creates "cost and safety issues, [and] transportation and storage efficiency issues." Ammonia also contains large amounts of ammonia. Hydrogen, which is easily liquefied, is already widely used as a fertilizer, meaning a supply chain is already in place. “JGC’s new method of producing ammonia is pictured below, compared to the traditional process at the bottom: For round-trip efficiency, the first step of producing hydrogen through electrolysis of water may soon reach as high as 90% efficiency, according to the American Energy Storage Association .As for the second step of converting hydrogen into ammonia, JGC has not disclosed the efficiency of its process, and for the third and final step of burning ammonia, a research report by Hideaki Kobayashi of Tohoku University shows that the thermal efficiency of burning ammonia-air mixture is close to that of burning ammonia A mixture of methane (natural gas) and air; reduces nitrogen oxide emissions through selective catalytic reduction. Japan intends to create an "innovative low-carbon hydrogen fuel economy by 2030," according to a joint statement by JGC and the National Academy of Advanced Industrial Sciences ” and “taking a leading role in hydrogen-related industries in world markets” through its energy carrier research. Australia is also evaluating renewable hydrogen, with the Australian Renewable Energy Agency having released a report on the topic in August last year. With Meanwhile, the UK's Committee on Climate Change noted in a November report that "hydrogen can be produced at low cost... from solar power near the equator. This needs to be imported by ship, either as hydrogen or other energy carriers such as ammonia. "The committee expects that, for England, burning hydrogen in power plants will be cost-effective to the government's price on carbon emissions in the 2030s." “Converting renewable energy to ammonia at scale can be helped by the shipping industry. The International Renewable Energy Agency said in an April 2018 report that its “overall recommendations for the development of P2X [renewable energy fuels] It is focused on ammonia development in the shipping industry and long-distance road transport, where few or no competitors exist for low-carbon technologies, and P2X is expected to be economically viable.

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