First, the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system is safe and reliable in operation, can be recycled, has a small environmental load during its life cycle, and is environmentally friendly. The energy storage medium of the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system is an electrolyte aqueous solution, which is highly safe. Second, the output power and energy storage capacity of the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system are independent of each other, and the design and placement are flexible. The output power is determined by the size and number of the stacks, while the energy storage capacity is determined by the concentration and volume of vanadium ions in the electrolyte solution. The output power of the all-vanadium flow battery system ranges from hundreds of kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts, and the energy storage capacity ranges from hundreds of kilowatt hours to hundreds of megawatt hours. Third, the working principle of the all-vanadium flow battery is to achieve the storage and release of electrical energy through changes in the valence state of vanadium ions in the electrolyte. The reaction has good reversibility and no phase change. The electrolyte flows continuously in the electrodes inside the battery, and the charging and discharging state switching response is rapid. The number of charge and discharge cycles is more than 15,000 times, the service life is 15 to 20 years, and the life cycle is cost-effective. Fourth, the positive and negative electrolyte solutions in the all-vanadium redox flow battery are of the same element, and the electrolyte solution can be recycled repeatedly through online regeneration. Stacks and battery energy storage systems are mainly composed of carbon materials, plastics and metal materials. When the all-vanadium redox flow battery system is abandoned, metal materials can continue to be used, and carbon materials and plastics can be used as fuel. Therefore, the all-vanadium redox flow battery system has a small environmental load during the entire life cycle and is very environmentally friendly. Fifth, the price is cheap. In recent years, with the continuous advancement of all-vanadium redox flow battery material technology and battery structure design and manufacturing technology, battery performance has continued to improve. The energy efficiency of the stack can be maintained above 80%, and the operating current density has increased from the original 60-80mA/c. Increase to 150mA/c. The power density of the battery is doubled, and under this condition, the cost is greatly reduced. Although the research and development cycle is short and the country’s investment is very low, the cost of a 1MW/5MW all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system has dropped from 7,000 yuan/kWh in 2013 to 3,500 yuan/kWh in 2016. Moreover, the number of charge and discharge cycles is more than 16,000 times, so its life cycle cost is very low. Sixth, the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system adopts a modular design to facilitate system integration and scale-up. The all-vanadium redox flow battery stack is composed of multiple single cells stacked by pressing a filter. The rated output power of a single stack of an all-vanadium redox flow battery is generally between 20 kilowatts and 40 kilowatts; an all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system is usually composed of multiple unit energy storage system modules, and the rated output power of the unit energy storage system modules is generally Between 100 kW and 300 kW. Compared with other types of batteries, the all-vanadium redox flow battery stack and battery unit energy storage system module have a large rated output power, which facilitates the integration and scale-up of the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system. Seventh, it has strong overload capability and deep discharge capability. When the all-vanadium redox flow battery energy storage system is running, the electrolyte solution circulates in the stack through a circulation pump, and the diffusion of active substances in the electrolyte solution has little impact; moreover, the electrode reactivity is high and the activation polarization is small. Therefore, the all-vanadium flow battery energy storage system has good overload capability. Moreover, the all-vanadium redox flow battery has no memory effect when discharging and has good deep discharge capability. Eighth, the energy density of flow batteries is low, and all-vanadium flow batteries are more suitable for stationary large-scale energy storage power stations. The concept of flow batteries that is promising for industrial application was proposed by L.H. Thaller (NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, United States) in 1974. This type of battery uses active materials in the positive and negative electrolyte solutions to undergo reversible oxidation-reduction reactions (i.e., valence) on the electrodes. reversible change of state) to realize the mutual conversion of electrical energy and chemical energy. When charging, an oxidation reaction occurs at the positive electrode and the valence state of the active material increases; a reduction reaction occurs at the negative electrode and the valence state of the active material decreases; the discharge process is opposite. The positive and negative electrolyte solutions of the flow battery are stored in external storage tanks and transported to the interior of the battery through pumps and pipelines for reaction. Theoretically, different redox stacks can form a variety of flow batteries. The all-vanadium flow battery uses vanadium ions of different valence states as active materials, and realizes the mutual conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy through changes in the valence state of vanadium ions. Large-scale battery energy storage technology needs to meet some basic requirements, namely high safety; high cost-effectiveness in the life cycle; good economy; low environmental load in the life cycle, environmental friendliness, etc. In contrast, among the many energy storage technologies, flow battery energy storage technology has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, large storage capacity, free site selection, deep discharge, safety and environmental protection, etc., and has become an ideal choice for large-scale and efficient energy storage. One of the preferred techniques. Among many flow batteries, all-vanadium flow battery energy storage technology is the flow battery energy storage technology with the most industrial application.

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