Lithium, with atomic number 3 and atomic weight 6.941, is the lightest alkali metal element. In order to improve safety and voltage, scientists have invented materials such as graphite and lithium cobalt oxide to store lithium atoms. The molecular structure of these materials forms nanoscale small storage lattices that can be used to store lithium atoms. In this way, even if the battery casing ruptures and oxygen enters, the oxygen molecules are too large to enter these small storage cells, preventing lithium atoms from coming into contact with oxygen and avoiding explosion.

　　The principle of lithium-ion batteries enables people to achieve high capacity density while also achieving safety goals. When a lithium-ion battery is charged, the lithium atoms in the positive electrode will lose electrons and oxidize into lithium ions. Lithium ions swim to the negative electrode through the electrolyte, enter the storage cell of the negative electrode, and obtain an electron, which is reduced to lithium atoms. When discharging, the entire program is reversed. In order to prevent short circuits caused by direct contact between the positive and negative poles of the battery, a separator paper with numerous small holes is added inside the battery to prevent short circuits. A good separator paper can also automatically close the pores when the battery temperature is too high, making it impossible for lithium ions to pass through, thereby self defeating martial arts skills and preventing danger from happening.

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