In the 1970s, Exxon's M.S. Whittingham used titanium sulfide as the positive electrode material and lithium metal as the negative electrode material to produce the first lithium phosphate battery.

　　In 1980, J Goodenough discovered that lithium cobalt oxide can be used as a positive electrode material for lithium-ion batteries

　　In 1982, R.R. Agarwal and J.R. Selman from the Illinois Institute of Technology discovered that lithium ions exhibit the characteristic of embedding into graphite, a process that is rapid and reversible. At the same time, the safety hazards of lithium phosphate batteries made of metallic lithium have attracted much attention. Therefore, people have attempted to use the characteristic of lithium ions embedded in graphite to make rechargeable batteries. The first available lithium-ion graphite electrode was successfully developed by Bell Laboratories.

　　In 1983, M. Thackeray, J. Goodenough, and others discovered that manganese spinel is an excellent cathode material with low price, stability, and excellent conductivity and lithium conductivity. Its decomposition temperature is high and its oxidation resistance is much lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide. Even in the event of short circuits or overcharging, it can avoid the danger of combustion and explosion.

　　In 1989, A. Manthiram and J. Goodenough discovered that using a positive electrode with polymeric anions would generate higher voltages.

　　In 1991, Sony released its first commercial lithium-ion battery. Subsequently, lithium-ion batteries revolutionized the face of consumer electronics.

　　In 1996, Padhi and Goodenough discovered that phosphates with olivine structures, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), had superior advantages over traditional cathode materials and had become the current mainstream cathode material.

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