In 1981, Japan initiated the development of fuel cells. In 1990, automakers such as Toyota began developing fuel cell vehicles, and several companies initiated the development of home fuel cells.

　　Since the development of fuel cell vehicles and household fuel cells, Japan has been at the forefront of the world in the development of fuel cells and hydrogen energy technology, and has developed products that are most widely used in the Japanese market and are the most technologically advanced in the world.

　　“Hydrogen Energy Society” National Strategy Leads

　　In the "Energy Basic Plan", the Japanese government positions hydrogen energy as a core secondary energy alongside electricity and thermal energy, and proposes the vision of building a "hydrogen energy society", hoping to realize hydrogen energy in homes, industries, and transportation through hydrogen fuel cells. applications in other fields, thereby achieving true energy independence. The Japanese government's technical development support for hydrogen and fuel cells is state-led, with special scientific research funds invested in the New Energy Industry Technology Development Organization (NEDO).

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　　Since 1981, NEDO has increased its investment in phosphoric acid fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells and solid polymer fuel cells. In addition to fuel cells, NEDO also develops technologies related to hydrogen energy utilization and built approximately 100 hydrogen refueling stations in 2015, mainly in large cities. In addition, NEDO also conducts research and development on hydrogen power generation technology as well as new technologies related to the entire hydrogen industry chain such as hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and hydrogen transportation.

　　In 2014, the "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Strategic Development Roadmap" of Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry detailed the three stages of hydrogen energy research and development and promotion and the strategic goals of each stage: First, from now to 2025, rapidly expand The scope of use of hydrogen energy; secondly, from 2025 to 2030, fully enter hydrogen power generation and establish a large-scale hydrogen energy supply system; finally, starting from 2040, establish a zero carbon dioxide hydrogen supply system.

　　Toyota's first commercial fuel cell vehicle "MIRAI" was launched in December 2014. The car's acceleration time from 100 kilometers to 100 kilometers is about 10 seconds, and its maximum cruising range is more than 700 kilometers. It only takes 3 minutes to replenish hydrogen fuel. It is expected to have an annual output of 30,000 units in 2020. It plans to reduce the price of fuel cell vehicles to about 100 kilometers by 2025. $20,000. In 2026, the Japanese government plans to complete the sales target of 2 million hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and the construction target of 1,000 hydrogen refueling stations.

　　Fuel cell vehicles have obvious advantages

　　Fuel cell vehicles are vehicles in which hydrogen and oxygen in the air produce electricity through an electrochemical reaction to drive the motor. They have high energy efficiency, low carbon dioxide emissions (or no emissions), long driving distances (currently more than 500 kilometers), and low hydrogen costs ( It has the advantages of being 1/3 of the price of gasoline), short refueling time (about 3 minutes), and its performance is equivalent to that of gasoline vehicles.

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　　The main goal of fuel cell vehicles is to first put commercial cars on the market in 2015. In 2016, fuel cell buses were put on the market. At the same time, fuel cells have been expanded to other transportation vehicles such as forklifts and ships. Secondly, the price of fuel cell vehicles will drop to the same level as current gasoline vehicles and hybrid vehicles by 2025. Finally, the price of hydrogen will be lower than that of gasoline vehicles when fuel cell vehicles are put into the market. Fuel prices, around 2020, will be lower than hybrid vehicle fuel prices.

　　Fuel cell vehicles also have a distributed power supply function. The electricity generated by fuel cell vehicles can be provided for external use, and the power supply capacity is more than five times higher than that of electric vehicles. It can provide power to evacuation sites in special situations such as disasters, and can also play a peak-shaving role during peak power consumption. Validation tests are currently underway in various places.

　　In terms of hydrogen manufacturing, transportation and storage, Japan began to build commercial hydrogen stations in 2013 and built 100 hydrogen stations in 2015 centered on the four major urban areas. The distance allowed by users to a gas station is approximately ten minutes by car. Therefore, 100 hydrogen stations in the four major urban areas is the minimum configuration for popularizing fuel cell vehicles.

　　Fuel cell vehicles can significantly reduce carbon emissions

　　At present, the energy consumption of transportation vehicles accounts for 20% of Japan's energy use, almost all of which relies on oil. The production of hydrogen used in fuel cell vehicles currently basically uses fossil fuels such as naphtha and natural gas. In the future, energy sources such as lignite and crude oil from abroad will be used along with natural gas, as well as renewable energy sources at home and abroad. The transportation industry will move from oil dependence to energy diversification to improve energy security.

　　When the number of fuel cell vehicles reaches 6 million units (10% of ordinary household cars in Japan), the cars will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 9%. Even taking into account the carbon dioxide produced by using petrochemical raw materials to produce hydrogen, it will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 3.9 million to 7.6 million tons per year.

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