What breakthroughs will be made in the future regarding the defects of lithium batteries?

　　In 1958, Harris proposed the use of organic electrolytes as the electrolyte for metallic lithium batteries, considering that lithium would react with water and air. This idea has always influenced the development of lithium-ion batteries. However, liquid electrolytes have certain safety risks, so many scientific research institutions and companies have decided to find another way to develop solid electrolyte technology. All-solid-state batteries replace the original liquid organic electrolyte cell with a new solid-state electrolyte. Solid electrolytes can not only ensure the original electricity storage performance, but also prevent the occurrence of dendrite problems, and are safer and cheaper. Lithium metal batteries are another focus of scientific research in recent years. This is because although the lithium chimera solves safety problems such as dendrites, the battery capacity is greatly reduced because the chimera does not have the function of gaining or losing electrons. For example, the specific capacity of the lithium metal anode of the battery is more than 11 times that of the graphite lithium compound C6Li anode! If lithium metal rechargeable batteries can be successfully developed, our electronic devices will be lighter and electric vehicles will run further! At present, lithium batteries still have some safety issues. For example, some mobile phone manufacturers have lax quality control of separator materials or process defects, resulting in local thinning of the separator and inability to effectively isolate the positive and negative electrodes, thus causing battery safety issues. Secondly, lithium batteries are prone to short circuit during charging. Although most lithium-ion batteries now have protection circuits against short circuits and explosion-proof wires, in many cases this protection circuit may not work under various circumstances, and the role of explosion-proof wires is also very limited. . Therefore, improving the safety of lithium batteries is also a research focus. Graphite is cheap and has a stable structure. It is an ideal negative electrode material. So what material should be used for the positive electrode? In 1970, M.S. Whittingham discovered that lithium ions can be reversibly intercalated and precipitated in the layered material TiS2, which is suitable for use as the cathode of lithium batteries. In 1980, American physics professor John Goodenough discovered a new substance, LiCoO2. This substance also has a layered structure similar to graphite. In 1982, Goodenough discovered LiMn2O4 with three-dimensional voids. This structure can provide three-dimensional channels for the movement of lithium ions. In 1996, Goodenough discovered LiFePO? with an olive tree structure. This material has higher safety, especially high temperature resistance, and its overcharge resistance far exceeds that of traditional lithium-ion battery materials. Sony Corporation of Japan combined lithium cobalt oxide (positive electrode material) and graphite (negative electrode material), and used an organic solvent containing lithium salt (such as lithium hexafluorophosphate) as the electrolyte. In 1990, it developed a new rechargeable lithium battery. In 1992, This kind of battery is commercialized. Such a battery can have an operating voltage of more than 3.7 volts. Sony has renamed this technology "Li-ion". This logo can be found on many mobile phone batteries or laptop batteries. With high performance, low cost, and good safety, this lithium-ion battery was immediately welcomed as soon as it came out, helping Sony become the industry leader. Since lithium-ion batteries do not contain heavy metal chromium, they greatly reduce environmental pollution compared with nickel-chromium batteries. The main structure of a general battery includes three elements: positive electrode, negative electrode and electrolyte. The next important update of lithium-ion batteries is to use polymer materials to mainly replace electrolyte solutions.

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