Organizational structure and operation mechanism of 14250 battery management system

There are many articles about 14250 battery management system, which are highly technical and cannot be understood by non-professional engineers and technicians. The following article introduces the organizational structure, basic functions and operation mechanism of 14250 battery management system around the word "management" to popularize scientific knowledge in this area.

1. Understanding of 14250 battery management system

(1) System: Organize multiple individuals with certain functions into a new unit according to certain requirements (rules). For example, multiple batteries are connected head to tail (or head to head, tail to tail) to form a new unit.

(2) Management: Activities to clean up and organize specific objects in an area according to a requirement and certain rules. For example, the factory cleans and organizes the items in the material warehouse according to certain requirements and rules.

(3) 14250 battery: Electrochemical storage device that provides electric energy for electric vehicles.

(4) 14250 battery management system: Activities related to the management of power system.

2. Organizational structure of 14250 battery management system

(1) Minimum unit: refers to a battery cell. At present, there are three types of 14250 battery monomer shapes: cylindrical, square, and flat.

(2) Basic unit: three or more single-cell batteries are connected in parallel to form a new battery pack.

(2) Module: a large battery pack composed of three or more basic units connected in series.

(3) Battery pack: a box (usually made of metal) that encapsulates the large battery pack (module) and is required to be dustproof, waterproof, and equipped with an interface.

(4) 14250 battery management system function box: an integrated circuit function box with current, voltage, temperature automatic measurement and communication modules.

In layman's terms, the hardware structure and layout of the 14250 battery of an electric vehicle that has been offline have been solidified. In other words, the 14250 battery management system no longer manages the battery hardware structure and layout.

3. Basic management functions of the 14250 battery management system

The hardware structure and layout of the 14250 battery of an electric vehicle and the product design work have been introduced above, but what are its management functions?

Why do 14250 battery packs (systems) need to be managed? 14250 battery packs (systems) have two basic functions: one is charging and the other is discharging.

(a) Charging management: when can it be charged, when can it not be charged, is it fully charged? Cannot overcharge, etc.

(b) Discharging management: when can it be discharged, when can it not be discharged, is it fully discharged? Cannot over-discharge, etc.

(c) The working environment temperature of the 14250 battery pack (system) should be monitored, and overheating and smoke should be monitored. If there is a safety hazard, an alarm should be issued. If a safety accident occurs, the backup facilities should be activated for processing.

There are three levels of management functions:

(i) For the working status of the 14250 battery pack (system), the relevant changes should be measured.

(ii) The dynamic values of the relevant changes should be analyzed and judged. If they exceed the normal value, an alarm should be issued.

(III) If a 14250 battery pack (system) fails, relevant measures should be initiated, such as downgraded operation.

4. Mechanism of 14250 battery management system

(1) Understanding of mechanism

(a) Refers to the structure and operation principle of the machine.

(b) The structure, function and relationship of the organism.

(c) The process and mode of interaction between the organizations or parts of a working system.

(2) Introduction to the mechanism of 14250 battery management system

① Three basic state quantities of 14250 battery pack (system): voltage, current, and temperature

(a) Voltage: Where there is electricity, there is an electric field. The electric field force at different positions in the electric field is different. Voltage is a measure of the ability of the electric field force to do work. Voltage is the driving force for the flow of electrons.

(b) Current Under the impetus of voltage, electrons flow from the negative electrode of the power source to the positive electrode. Current refers to the amount of charge passing through the cross-section of the conductor within 1 second.

(c) Temperature: A physical quantity that indicates the degree of hotness or coldness of an object.

(Note: The voltage, current, and temperature of the battery are the basis of the top-level calculation and control logic of the battery management system)

② Measures the comprehensive state quantity of the 14250 battery pack (system): SOC and SOH

(a) Remaining capacity (SOC): The full name is State of Charge. It represents the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery after a period of use or long-term storage to the capacity of its fully charged state, usually expressed as a percentage. Its value range is 0~1. When SOC=0, it means that the battery is fully discharged, and when SOC=1, it means that the battery is fully charged.

(b) 14250 battery health (SOH): that is, the percentage of the fully charged capacity of the battery relative to the rated capacity. The new battery is 100% and the completely scrapped battery is 0%.

(3) Difficulties in the mechanism design of the 14250 battery management system

(a) How to measure voltage, current, and temperature?

There are corresponding sensor products for voltage, current, and temperature. The quality and accuracy of sensors from different manufacturers are different. The measurement error processing methods are different. Different manufacturers have their own unique technologies and processes. The basic principle is that automotive products must be selected.

(b) Estimation of remaining power and 14250 battery health?

The theoretical models for estimating remaining power and 14250 battery health are different for different manufacturers, and the estimation error processing is also different. Different manufacturers have their own unique technologies and processes in their products. The basic principle is to have their own characteristics and core competitiveness.

5. Tesla 14250 battery management system function box

①BMS adopts a master-slave architecture, and the main controller (BMU) is responsible for high voltage, insulation detection, high voltage interlocking, contactor control, external communication and other functions.

②The controller (BMB) is responsible for single cell voltage and temperature detection, and reports to BMU.

③BMU has a master and slave dual MCU design. The slave MCU can detect the working status of the main MCU and obtain control authority once it is found to be invalid.

Read recommendations:

Lithium Battery GN60120

Will Cold Weather Reduce the Performance of Lithium Batteries.6LR61 alkaline battery

Reasons for the decrease in lithium battery capacity.LR726 battery

NiMH battery packs manufacturer

CR2450 battery