Research progress of high energy density and long life zinc-iodine 12V23A battery

Recently, the research team led by Li Xianfeng and Zhang Huamin from the Energy Storage Technology Research Department (DNL17) of our institute has made important progress in the research of high energy density and long life zinc-iodine 12V23A battery. The research results were published online in "German Angewandte Chemie" as a "Very Important Paper". Large-scale energy storage technology is the key core technology to realize the popularization and application of renewable energy. Liquid 12V23A battery has good application prospects in the field of large-scale energy storage due to its high safety, large energy storage scale, high efficiency and long life. Zinc-iodine 12V23A battery has good research and application prospects due to its advantages such as good electrochemical activity, high electrolyte solubility and high energy density (theoretical energy density can reach 250.59Wh/L). However, zinc-iodine 12V23A battery currently has the problems of short cycle life and low power density. To solve the above problems, the research team proposed to use cheap polyolefin porous membrane (15 US dollars/m2) to replace the expensive perfluorosulfonic acid ion exchange membrane, which greatly reduced the battery cost. In addition, the system uses a mixed solution of KI and ZnBr2 as the positive and negative electrolytes of the battery, which greatly improves the conductivity and stability of the electrolyte in a neutral environment. Since the porous structure of the polyolefin porous membrane exhibits excellent ion conductivity in a neutral environment, the working current density of the battery is greatly improved. The experimental results show that when operating at 80mA/cm2, the energy efficiency of the single cell reaches 82%, which is 8 times higher than the previously reported zinc-iodine system, and the energy density reaches 80Wh/L; under the operating conditions of 180mA/cm2, the energy efficiency of the battery exceeds 70%, showing good power characteristics. More importantly, the oxidized electrolyte I3- filled in the porous structure of polyolefin can react with zinc dendrites, solving the problem of poor battery cycle life caused by zinc dendrites. Even if the battery is short-circuited due to zinc dendrites, the battery performance can be self-recovered through the dissolution of zinc dendrites by I3- in the membrane pores. The single cell of this system has been continuously operated for more than 1000 cycles at 80mA/cm2, with no obvious performance attenuation, showing good stability. To further prove the practicality of the system, the research team successfully integrated a kW-class battery stack, which ran stably for more than 300 cycles at 80mA/cm2, with an energy efficiency of 80%, showing good reliability. The battery is still in the early stages of research, and its reliability at high current density needs to be further improved to promote its practical application and industrialization.

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