As the negative electrode material for lithium secondary batteries, metallic lithium is first used, followed by alloys. However, they cannot solve the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries, which led to the birth of lithium-ion batteries with carbon materials as the negative electrode.

　　The negative electrode material of polymer lithium-ion batteries is basically the same as that of lithium-ion batteries. From the development process of polymer lithium-ion batteries mentioned earlier, it can be seen that since the commercialization of lithium-ion batteries, there have been several types of negative electrode materials studied: graphitized carbon materials, amorphous carbon materials, nitrides, silicon based materials, tin based materials, new alloys, and other materials. This chapter mainly discusses practical negative electrode materials, namely graphitized carbon materials, while research on other negative electrode materials is being discussed.

　　For practical applications of negative electrode materials, there are many factors to consider. In addition to reversible capacity, irreversible capacity, and cycling performance, they should also include the adhesion between the negative electrode material and the collector (i.e. coating), the compaction density, volume capacity density, mass capacity density, etc. of the negative electrode plate, which are often overlooked by researchers engaged in negative electrode material research. Of course, the conductivity and specific surface area of negative electrode materials also need to be considered.

　　Due to the wide variety of carbon materials, in order to better understand negative electrode materials, some basic knowledge related to carbon materials will be introduced first

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