New material technology has always been an important driving force for the rapid development of the technology industry. The emergence of crystalline silicon has allowed the electronic technology industry to prosper for decades. At present, graphene is recognized as a new material with the same value as silicon crystal. It is also the thinnest and toughest nanomaterial known in the world. The rapid development of graphene technology is expected to create the next new era of electronic technology.

　　The last revolution: crystalline silicon

　　If the electron tube invented in the early 20th century was the starting point for the development of the electronics industry in the past century, then there is no doubt that the transistor invented by Bell Laboratories in the United States in the mid-20th century was the booster for the booming development of the electronics industry in the past half century. Compared with electronic tubes, which are bulky, consume a lot of energy, have a short lifespan, are noisy, and have complicated manufacturing processes, transistors using crystalline silicon semiconductors as raw materials have overcome these shortcomings. Its advent is hailed as one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century and also a micro-electronic technology. Pioneer of the electronic revolution.

　　It was the emergence of electronic transistors that led to the explosive growth of micro-integrated circuit technology. For decades, microelectronics technology has been widely used not only in computers, mobile phones, and consumer electronics products, but also in automobiles, industrial control, special aerospace, and medical equipment. It is widely used in countless professional electronic equipment. By miniaturizing, automating, and computerizing machines and equipment, it will fundamentally change human life.

　　It is precisely because of the rapid development of microelectronics technology that the famous Moore's Law has emerged. According to the predictions of Moore's Law, the number of circuits integrated on an integrated circuit chip will double every 18 months, while the price will drop by half. Throughout the past few decades, whether it is computer hardware or a series of consumer electronic products such as smartphones, their performance has been rapidly improved while their prices have dropped sharply. The speed of technological change is often beyond people's imagination.

　　The next revolution: graphene

　　Graphene, known as the "miracle material of the 21st century" and "universal material", was first isolated from graphite in 2004. It has only been a short ten years since it was widely sought after by the industry. Its emergence in the scientific community It caused huge waves, and British scientists won the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics.

　　Graphene is a new material with a single-layer sheet structure composed of carbon atoms. It is the thinnest and hardest nanomaterial known in the world and has excellent toughness, electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. Because the refining technology of graphene is not yet mature, most of the relevant technical research is still in the laboratory stage and is still far away from large-scale mass production. Therefore, it is also a nanomaterial that is said to be 10 times more expensive than gold.

　　Because graphene has better electrical and thermal conductivity than crystalline silicon and is at least 100 times more efficient than silicon, it is also considered to be the most likely new material to replace silicon and become a new material for future micro-integrated circuits. As Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said: The biggest disruption in this era in the future will be the graphene era overturning the silicon era!

　　Graphene application prospects

　　Precisely because graphene has great potential application value in new energy, new materials, electronic technology, aerospace specialties and other fields, it has been valued and sought after by academia, government, and capital in recent years. Whether it is Europe, the United States, or the Asia-Pacific region, there is an urgent need to elevate graphene technology to a strategic level for future technological innovation competition. In 2013, the European Union selected two major technologies, graphene and human brain engineering, as "Future Emerging Flagship Technology Projects". Each plan will receive 1 billion euros in research funding in the next 10 years.

　　As the thinnest, hardest, most conductive and highly flexible nanomaterial, new energy batteries based on graphene materials have a power density 100 times higher than lithium batteries and an energy storage density 30 times higher than traditional supercapacitors. An important direction for high-performance battery upgrades.

　　As current smartphones have faster chips, larger screens, and more functions, the power consumption of mobile phones is also increasing rapidly. However, due to limitations in size, weight, and appearance design, the bottleneck of mobile phone battery technology is becoming more and more obvious, and graphite The application of ene batteries is expected to make major breakthroughs in the size, performance, cost and endurance of a series of cutting-edge high-tech products such as smartphones, wearable devices and electric vehicles.

　　In addition, graphene, as the world's thinnest and most mechanically strong nanomaterial, has high light transmittance and high conductivity. Using it in mobile phone screens will make future mobile phones thinner, have better visual effects, and even have transparent screens. cool effects.

　　The natural characteristics of graphene nanomaterials determine that they have broad application prospects in composite materials, touch screens, electronic devices, energy storage batteries, displays, sensors, semiconductors, aerospace, special applications, biomedicine and other fields. With the increasing maturity of technology and the vigorous promotion of capital markets and government policies, it is expected that graphene will set off the next revolution in the field of electronic technology before long.

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