The basic principle of battery charging: There is no essential difference between the batteries in electric vehicles and our ordinary household dry batteries. They all output direct current. Charging a battery is a complicated process. It is not as simple as energizing the positive and negative electrodes. It involves professional current modulation issues, so this part of the work must be completed through a charger. After the charger obtains the electric energy, it will modulate the appropriate current and voltage according to the current status of the battery, and then use it to charge the battery. The function of the charger is actually similar to the battery charger we used to use at home. The charging speed of the same battery will be greatly affected by the quality of the charger. What is AC slow charging? As we all know, urban electricity is alternating current. In order to directly use urban power supply for charging, every electric vehicle will have its own on-board charger. It can convert alternating current into direct current, then modulate the appropriate current, and then charge the battery in three stages (similar to charging a mobile phone). In the slow charging mode, the power supply or charging pile is just a simple power provider and does not need to undertake the tasks of modulating current and charging management. The power is only used as "raw material" and handed over to the on-board charger for processing. Therefore, the slow charging charging pile has a simple structure and is not large in size. In addition, many electric vehicles are also equipped with household plugs, which can be directly plugged into household sockets for slow charging. AC slow charging can also make full use of charging during low power periods, reduce costs, and ensure voltage stability during charging periods. However, the disadvantages of slow charging are also obvious, that is, due to the limited capacity of urban AC power sources and car chargers, the charging current is very small, and it usually takes 5-10 hours to fully charge the battery. What is DC fast charging? We have learned before that there is an on-board charger in an electric vehicle that is responsible for modulating the charging current. Unfortunately, its efficiency is relatively low. So wouldn’t it be much faster if the on-board charger could be bypassed and the battery could be directly charged with high current? In fact, this is how DC fast charging is implemented. The DC fast charging pile itself is an off-board charger, and its current modulation capability is much stronger than that of an on-board charger. It can directly provide it with modulated high-current DC power according to the battery status. The fast-charging charging pile will be connected to the car's CAN network. To put it simply, the charging pile allows itself to temporarily become part of the car's battery management system. Therefore, the fast charging pile not only provides electric energy but also directly invades and takes over the charging management system of the car. Fast-charging charging piles tend to be much larger, more complex in structure, and more expensive, so their number is relatively small. However, fast charging is very fast, and charging can usually be completed within 12 minutes to 1 hour. The disadvantage of fast charging is that although it is fast, it has low utilization rate of electric energy (wasting electricity), and the large current will affect the life of the battery, and there are also certain safety risks. Therefore, fast charging is often only used in emergencies and cannot be fast charged for a long time. This is like eating normally when a person is not sick, instead of drinking glucose water every day to maintain life. To sum up, the fast charging mode of electric vehicles is actually to use a powerful "plug-in" to temporarily replace the car's own charger, and directly provide the adjusted high current to charge the battery according to the state of the battery. The advantage is that it is fast, but the disadvantage is that it affects battery life and poses safety risks.

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