The battery management system (BATTERYMANAGEMENTSYSTEM) is the link between the battery and the user, and its main object is the secondary battery. Secondary batteries have the following shortcomings, such as low storage energy, short life, problems in series and parallel use, safety of use, and difficulty in estimating battery power, etc. The performance of batteries is very complex, and the characteristics of different types of batteries vary greatly. The main purpose of the battery management system (BMS) is to improve battery utilization, prevent battery overcharge and overdischarge, extend battery life, and monitor battery status. As the battery management system develops, other functions will be added. Generally speaking, the battery management system of electric vehicles must achieve the following functions: First, accurately estimate the state of charge of the power battery pack, that is, the remaining battery capacity, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range and to prevent damage to the battery due to overcharge or overdischarge. Battery damage, so as to predict at any time how much energy is left in the hybrid vehicle's energy storage battery or the state of charge of the energy storage battery. Secondly, dynamically monitor the working status of the power battery pack. During the battery charging and discharging process, the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery in the electric vehicle battery pack, the charging and discharging current, and the total battery pack voltage are collected in real time to prevent the battery from overcharging or overdischarging. At the same time, the battery status can be given in time, problematic batteries can be selected, and the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery pack can be maintained, making it possible to implement the remaining power estimation model. In addition, a usage history file for each battery must be established to provide information for further optimization and development of new batteries, chargers, motors, etc., and to provide a basis for offline analysis of system failures. Achieving balance between single cells means charging the single cells equally so that each battery in the battery pack reaches a balanced and consistent state. Balance technology is a key technology of battery energy management system that the world is currently researching and developing.

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