Research progress of positive electrode materials for 1.2V NiMH battery

Lithium-ion battery applications are becoming more and more common in people's lives, but lithium resources on the earth are very limited and the mining cost is high. Developing an alternative battery has become an important direction for scientists from all over the world. Professor Xia Hui of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, in collaboration with Chinese and foreign teams, pioneered structural design and regulation methods, and made important progress in the research of manganese-based positive electrode materials, making it possible for low-cost 1.2V NiMH battery to replace lithium-ion batteries. The relevant results were published in the latest issue of Nature Communications. Sodium resources are abundant, and the mining cost is only one percent of that of lithium. Therefore, the research and development of 1.2V NiMH battery has become a field that scientific researchers are vying to "cultivate". The layered sodium manganate positive electrode material has the advantages of high theoretical capacity, low price and wide sources, making it a popular research object for sodium-ion battery positive electrode materials. However, due to the narrow interlayer spacing of the sodium manganate positive electrode material, during the charge and discharge process, the sodium ions with a larger radius will "squeeze" the structure of the positive electrode material when migrating between the layers, which has become a key difficulty restricting the research and development of 1.2V NiMH battery. In addition to the interlayer spacing, another important factor affecting the performance of 1.2V NiMH battery is the sodium ion content in the layered structure. Many researchers have tried to prepare sodium manganate with different layered structures through various methods, but the performance indicators are difficult to meet the needs of practical applications. Professor Xia Hui's team pioneered the structural design and regulation methods, and cooperated with Researcher Gu Lin from the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Professor Meng Ying from the University of California, San Diego, to successfully prepare a layered nano positive electrode material with large interlayer spacing and high sodium ion content based on the layered structure of birnessite. The electrode made of this positive electrode material has a specific capacity of 211.9 mAh per gram, while the specific capacity of lithium battery positive electrode materials currently on the market is about 140 mAh per gram. During the charge and discharge process, the structure of this positive electrode material is stable and there is no phase change, and the volume change is only 2%. After 1,000 cycles of charge and discharge, the specific capacity retention rate is as high as 94.6%, while the general specific capacity retention rate standard in the battery industry is about 80%.

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