Research on lead-free dielectric ceramic materials for new high energy storage 1.2V Ni-MH battery

With the continuous consumption of non-renewable energy and increasingly severe environmental problems, the development and utilization of high-performance, environmentally friendly energy storage materials has become a research hotspot in the current scientific and technological and industrial circles. Due to its advantages such as high power density, fast charge and discharge speed, excellent stability and low manufacturing cost, dielectric energy storage capacitors have shown great application prospects in fields such as automotive electronics, communications, special applications, aerospace and cutting-edge technology. In recent years, Dong Xianlin's team at the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has carried out research on new lead-free dielectric materials for energy storage capacitors and achieved a series of research results. The team designed and synthesized a new high-performance BaTiO3-based relaxor ferroelectric (BaTiO3-Bi(Zn1/2Sn1/2)O3) energy storage dielectric material using barium titanate (BaTiO3) as the matrix. By introducing Bi(Zn1/2Sn1/2)O3 into the BaTiO3 matrix, the A-site and B-site ions are disordered, destroying the ferroelectric long-range order, and converting the ferroelectric domain into polar nano-domains. Utilizing the rapid response of polar nano-domains under an external electric field, the energy storage density and energy storage efficiency of the material can be significantly improved. This dielectric material not only has high energy storage density (2.41J/cm3) and high energy storage efficiency (91.6%), but its energy storage characteristics also show excellent temperature (20~160℃) and frequency (1~1000Hz) and fatigue (105 cycles) stability to meet the requirements of X8R capacitors. Relevant studies have clarified that the high stability of energy storage characteristics comes from the "weak coupling relaxation behavior" of polar nanodomains. This work was published in the Journal of Materials Chemistry C (J.Mater.Chem.C, 2018, 6, 8528-8537) in the form of Hot Paper. Miniaturization and lightweight have always been important development trends in energy storage capacitors. To this end, the team focused on the sodium niobate (NaNbO3) system that has not been reported in the literature. The volume density of NaNbO3 is only 4.55g/cm3, compared with other lead-free dielectric material systems such as bismuth ferrite (8.37g/cm3), barium titanate (6.02g/cm3), sodium bismuth titanate (5.977g/cm3) , which has obvious advantages in lightweighting energy storage capacitors. However, the metastable ferroelectricity induced by electric field and the low electric strength caused by the volatilization of alkali metal sodium restrict the application of NaNbO3 in energy storage. The team successively adopted paraelectric body regulation and A-site vacancy strategies to enhance the energy storage properties of NaNbO3, and constructed two new NaNbO3-based energy storage dielectric ceramic materials: NaNbO3-SrTiO3 and Na1-3xBixNbO3. Both NaNbO3-based energy storage dielectric ceramic materials show excellent energy storage characteristics, charge and discharge characteristics and stability. Among them, the comprehensive energy storage characteristics of Na1-3xBixNbO3 (energy storage density: 4.03J/cm3, energy storage efficiency: 85.4%, power density: 62.5MW/cm3) are the optimal values currently reported in the literature. This work opens up a new application direction for NaNbO3 materials, and also provides new methods and ideas for the design of high energy storage lead-free dielectric materials. Relevant research results were published in Journal of Materials Chemistry A (J.Mater.Chem.A, 2018, 6, 17896-17904) and ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2018, 6, 10, 12755-12765). The first author of the above series of research papers is doctoral candidate Zhou Mingxing, and the co-corresponding authors of the papers are researchers Dong Xianlin and Liang Ruihong.

Energy storage and charge-discharge characteristics of new barium titanate-based relaxor ferroelectrics

Comparison of the volume density of several typical lead-free dielectric material systems (left) and comparison of the comprehensive energy storage properties of Na1-3xBixNbO3 with literature (right)

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