Today, as people's awareness of environmental protection continues to increase, commonly used alkaline batteries have become low-mercury or even mercury-free. Among them, the selection of alloy gold powder is the main improvement measure for low-mercury alkaline batteries. To reduce mercury in the negative electrode of reactive batteries, first of all, the zinc powder alloy must meet the following conditions: (1) It is difficult to corrode in the reactive electrolyte; (2) It has no adverse effects on the zinc powder anode; (3) It contains no or little harmful additives elements; (4) the purity of the zinc powder should be high; (5) the material cost will not increase much. The amalgamation of zinc powder in alkaline zinc-manganese batteries mainly increases the hydrogen overvoltage of zinc powder in the alkaline electrolyte and inhibits the generation of hydrogen in the alkaline solution. The amalgamated film formed after amalgamation of zinc powder can evenly cover the surface of the zinc powder, thus changing the surface condition of the zinc particles and activating the zinc electrode, thus improving the electrical performance of the battery and reducing the leakage rate of the battery. During the battery discharge process, mercury continuously diffuses from the surface of the zinc particles to the inside of the zinc particles, thus making the discharge smooth. Therefore, under the condition of low amalgamation rate, to maintain the corrosion resistance of zinc powder, it is necessary to add an appropriate amount of trace elements that can increase the hydrogen overpotential and prevent mercury from diffusing into the zinc particles before the battery is discharged, without affecting the discharge. Within the reaction range, the specific surface area of zinc powder should be appropriately reduced. Selected trace additive elements generally use indium as a necessary additive element, because it can not only increase the hydrogen overvoltage on the surface of zinc alloy particles, but also easily make the zinc surface easily form an alloy with mercury, and the addition effect is more obvious. Therefore, whether the indium element is low-mercury zinc powder or mercury-free zinc powder, it is currently a must-add element. Other added elements include: lead, aluminum, bismuth, cadmium, etc. The cadmium element itself has a high overvoltage to hydrogen, so it has good corrosion resistance, but they are highly toxic and should be used as little as possible in some low-mercury or mercury-free batteries. Or not.

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