The ternary lithium battery has a relatively balanced capacity and safety, and is a battery with excellent comprehensive performance. The main functions and advantages and disadvantages of the three metal elements are as follows:

　　Co3+: Reduce cation mixing occupation, stabilize the layered structure of the material, reduce impedance value, improve conductivity, and improve cycling and rate performance.

　　Ni2+: It can increase the capacity of the material (increase the volume energy density of the material), and due to the similar radius of Li and Ni, excessive Ni can also cause dislocation with Li, leading to the mixing of lithium and nickel. The higher the concentration of nickel ions in the lithium layer, the more difficult it is to remove lithium from the layered structure, resulting in poor electrochemical performance.

　　Mn4+: Not only can it reduce material costs, but it can also improve the safety and stability of materials. However, excessive Mn content can easily lead to the formation of spinel phase and damage to the layered structure, resulting in a decrease in capacity and cyclic decay.

　　High energy density is the biggest advantage of ternary lithium batteries, and voltage platform is an important indicator of battery energy density, which determines the basic efficiency and cost of the battery. The higher the voltage platform, the larger the specific capacity. Therefore, for batteries of the same volume, weight, or even the same ampere hour, ternary lithium batteries with higher voltage platform have longer battery life. The discharge voltage platform of a single ternary lithium battery is as high as 3.7V, while that of lithium iron phosphate is 3.2V, while that of lithium titanate is only 2.3V. Therefore, from an energy density perspective, ternary lithium batteries have absolute advantages over lithium iron phosphate, lithium manganese oxide, or lithium titanate.

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